Abstract：
This work presents the first comprehensive assessment of PM pollution sources in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. A total of 138 PM2.5 samples were collected during 2015-2016 and 2018-2019 and were analyzed through gravimetric, ED-XRF, and multi-wavelength absorption techniques. The results show that PM2.5 concentrations were substantially higher than the European annual limit value and WHO Air Quality Guidelines annual average value, with an average of 90.9 ± 68.5 μg m-3. The PMF application identified eight sources of pollution that influenced PM2.5 concentration levels in the area. Coal burning (21.3%) and biomass burning (22.3%) were the dominant sources during the winter, while vehicular traffic (7.7%) contributed more during the warm season. Power plant emissions (17.5%) showed enhanced contributions during the warm months, likely due to high energy demand. Cement industry emissions (6.9%) exhibited significant contribution during the cold period of 2018-2019, while soil dust (11.3%) and secondary sulphates (11.5%) displayed increased contribution during the warm and cold months, respectively. Finally, waste burning (1.5%) displayed the lowest contribution, with no significant temporal variation. Our results highlight the significant impact of anthropogenic activities, and especially the use of coal burning for energy production (both in power plants and for residential heating), and the significant contribution of biomass burning during both warm and cold seasons.
摘要：
这项工作首次对杜尚别的PM污染源进行了全面评估，塔吉克斯坦。2015-2016年和2018-2019年共采集了138个PM2.5样本，并通过重量分析，ED-XRF,和多波长吸收技术。结果表明,PM2.5浓度显著高于欧洲年度限值和WHO空气质量指南的年度平均值,平均为90.9±68.5μgm-3。PMF的应用确定了影响该地区PM2.5浓度水平的八种污染源。燃煤(21.3%)和生物质燃烧(22.3%)是冬季的主要来源,而车辆交通(7.7%)在温暖季节的贡献更大。发电厂的排放量（17.5％）在温暖的月份表现出增强的贡献，可能是由于高能源需求。水泥行业排放（6.9%）在2018-2019年的寒冷时期表现出显著的贡献，而土壤粉尘（11.3%）和二级硫酸盐（11.5%）在温暖和寒冷的月份表现出增加的贡献。分别。最后,废物燃烧(1.5%)的贡献最低，没有明显的时间变化。我们的结果突出了人为活动的重大影响，特别是将燃煤用于能源生产（在发电厂和住宅供暖中），以及在温暖和寒冷季节生物质燃烧的显着贡献。
