Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Aging triggers intricate physiological changes, particularly in whole-body fat-free mass (FFM) and handgrip strength, affecting overall health and independence. Despite existing research, the broader significance of how muscle health is affected by the intricate interplay of lifestyle factors simultaneously during aging needs more exploration. This study aims to examine how nutrition, physical activity, and sleep impact on FFM and handgrip strength in middle-aged men and women, facilitating future personalized recommendations for preserving muscle health.
METHODS: The cross-sectional analysis of the UK Biobank involved 45,984 individuals (54 % women) aged 40-70 years with a complete dataset. Multiple linear regression explored determinants of FFM and handgrip strength, considering traditional, socio-demographics, medication use and smoking as covariates, with sex and age (younger and older than 55 years) stratifications.
RESULTS: In older men and women, higher physical activity beneficially affect both FFM (respectively Β = 3.36 × 10-3, p-value = 1.66 × 10-3; Β = 2.52 × 10-3, p-value = 3.57 × 10-4) and handgrip strength (Β = 6.05 × 10-3, p-value = 7.99 × 10-5, Β = 8.98 × 10-3, p-value = 2.95 × 10-15). Similar results were found in fiber intake for FFM in older men and women (respectively B = 3.00 × 10-2, p-value = 2.76 × 10-5; B = 2.68 × 10-2, p-value = 1.78 × 10-9) and handgrip strength (Β = 3.27 × 10-2, p-value = 1.40 × 10-3; Β = 3.12 × 10-2, p-value = 1.34 × 10-5). Other lifestyle factors influence FFM and handgrip strength differently. Key determinants influencing handgrip strength included higher protein intake, lower water intake, higher alcohol intake, and extended sleep duration whereas mainly higher water intake is associated with higher FFM.
CONCLUSIONS: In both men and women, the main factors associated with FFM and handgrip strength are physical activity and fiber intake, which may underlie a connection between gut and muscle health. Given the observed complexity of muscle health in the age and sex strata, further longitudinal research is needed to provide personalized lifestyle recommendations.
METHODS: The cross-sectional analysis of the UK Biobank involved 45,984 individuals (54 % women) aged 40-70 years with a complete dataset. Multiple linear regression explored determinants of FFM and handgrip strength, considering traditional, socio-demographics, medication use and smoking as covariates, with sex and age (younger and older than 55 years) stratifications.
RESULTS: In older men and women, higher physical activity beneficially affect both FFM (respectively Β = 3.36 × 10-3, p-value = 1.66 × 10-3; Β = 2.52 × 10-3, p-value = 3.57 × 10-4) and handgrip strength (Β = 6.05 × 10-3, p-value = 7.99 × 10-5, Β = 8.98 × 10-3, p-value = 2.95 × 10-15). Similar results were found in fiber intake for FFM in older men and women (respectively B = 3.00 × 10-2, p-value = 2.76 × 10-5; B = 2.68 × 10-2, p-value = 1.78 × 10-9) and handgrip strength (Β = 3.27 × 10-2, p-value = 1.40 × 10-3; Β = 3.12 × 10-2, p-value = 1.34 × 10-5). Other lifestyle factors influence FFM and handgrip strength differently. Key determinants influencing handgrip strength included higher protein intake, lower water intake, higher alcohol intake, and extended sleep duration whereas mainly higher water intake is associated with higher FFM.
CONCLUSIONS: In both men and women, the main factors associated with FFM and handgrip strength are physical activity and fiber intake, which may underlie a connection between gut and muscle health. Given the observed complexity of muscle health in the age and sex strata, further longitudinal research is needed to provide personalized lifestyle recommendations.
摘要：
背景：衰老会引发复杂的生理变化，特别是在全身无脂肪质量（FFM）和握力，影响整体健康和独立。尽管已有研究,在衰老过程中，肌肉健康如何受到生活方式因素的复杂相互作用影响的更广泛的意义需要更多的探索。这项研究旨在研究营养，身体活动,以及睡眠对中年男性和女性FFM和握力的影响，促进未来个性化的建议，以保持肌肉健康。
方法：英国生物银行的横断面分析涉及45,984名40-70岁的个体（54％的女性），具有完整的数据集。多元线性回归探索了FFM和握力的决定因素，考虑到传统，社会人口统计学，药物使用和吸烟作为协变量，性别和年龄（年龄小于55岁）分层。
结果：在老年男性和女性中，较高的身体活动对FFM（分别为Β=3.36×10-3，p值=1.66×10-3；Β=2.52×10-3，p值=3.57×10-4）和握力（Β=6.05×10-3，p值=7.99×10-5，Β=8.98×10-3，p值=2.95×10-15）。在老年男性和女性的FFM纤维摄入量中发现了类似的结果（分别为B=3.00×10-2，p值=2.76×10-5；B=2.68×10-2，p值=1.78×10-9）和握力（Β=3.27×10-2，p值=1.40×10-3；=3.12×10-2，p值=1.34×10-5）。其他生活方式因素对FFM和握力的影响不同。影响握力的关键决定因素包括较高的蛋白质摄入量，较低的水摄入量，更高的酒精摄入量，和延长睡眠时间，而主要是较高的水摄入量与较高的FFM有关。
结论：在男性和女性中，与FFM和握力相关的主要因素是体力活动和纤维摄入，这可能是肠道和肌肉健康之间联系的基础。考虑到年龄和性别阶层肌肉健康的复杂性，需要进一步的纵向研究来提供个性化的生活方式建议.
方法：英国生物银行的横断面分析涉及45,984名40-70岁的个体（54％的女性），具有完整的数据集。多元线性回归探索了FFM和握力的决定因素，考虑到传统，社会人口统计学，药物使用和吸烟作为协变量，性别和年龄（年龄小于55岁）分层。
结果：在老年男性和女性中，较高的身体活动对FFM（分别为Β=3.36×10-3，p值=1.66×10-3；Β=2.52×10-3，p值=3.57×10-4）和握力（Β=6.05×10-3，p值=7.99×10-5，Β=8.98×10-3，p值=2.95×10-15）。在老年男性和女性的FFM纤维摄入量中发现了类似的结果（分别为B=3.00×10-2，p值=2.76×10-5；B=2.68×10-2，p值=1.78×10-9）和握力（Β=3.27×10-2，p值=1.40×10-3；=3.12×10-2，p值=1.34×10-5）。其他生活方式因素对FFM和握力的影响不同。影响握力的关键决定因素包括较高的蛋白质摄入量，较低的水摄入量，更高的酒精摄入量，和延长睡眠时间，而主要是较高的水摄入量与较高的FFM有关。
结论：在男性和女性中，与FFM和握力相关的主要因素是体力活动和纤维摄入，这可能是肠道和肌肉健康之间联系的基础。考虑到年龄和性别阶层肌肉健康的复杂性，需要进一步的纵向研究来提供个性化的生活方式建议.
