PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Autotomy refers to self-amputation where the loss of a limb or organ is generally said to be (1) in response to stressful external stimuli; (2) voluntary and nervously mediated; (3) supported by adaptive features that increase efficiency and simultaneously mediate the cost; and (4) morphologically delineated by a predictable breakage plane. It is estimated that this phenomenon has evolved independently nine different times across the animal kingdom, appearing in many different taxa, including vertebrate and invertebrate as well as aquatic and terrestrial animals. Marine invertebrates use this behaviour in a diversity of manners that have yet to be globally reviewed and critically examined. Here, published data from marine invertebrate taxa were used to explore instances of injury as an evolutionary driver of autotomy. Findings suggest that phyla (e.g. Echinodermata and Arthropoda) possibly experiencing high rates of injury (tissue damage or loss) are more likely to be able to perform autotomy. Additionally, this review looks at various morphological, physiological and environmental conditions that have either driven the evolution or maintained the behaviour of autotomy in marine invertebrates. Finally, the use of autotomic abilities in the development of more sustainable and less ecologically invasive fisheries is explored.
摘要：
自体切开术是指自我截肢,其中肢体或器官的丧失通常被认为是(1)响应于应激性外部刺激;(2)自愿和紧张地介导;(3)由提高效率并同时介导成本的适应性特征支持;和(4)由可预测的断裂平面在形态上描绘。据估计，这种现象在整个动物界已经独立进化了九个不同的时间，出现在许多不同的分类群，包括脊椎动物和无脊椎动物以及水生动物和陆生动物。海洋无脊椎动物以多种方式使用这种行为，尚未进行全球审查和严格审查。这里,来自海洋无脊椎动物分类群的已发表数据被用于探索作为自动切开术的进化驱动因素的伤害实例。研究结果表明，门（例如棘皮动物和节肢动物）可能经历高的损伤率（组织损伤或丢失）更有可能能够进行自动切开术。此外,这篇综述着眼于各种形态学，生理和环境条件，这些条件驱动了海洋无脊椎动物的进化或维持了自断行为。最后,探索了在发展更可持续，生态入侵较少的渔业中使用自生能力。
