Abstract：
Exercise can induce beneficial improvements in cognition. However, the effects of different modes and intensities of exercise have yet to be explored in detail. This study aimed to identify the effects of different exercise modes (aerobic and resistance) and intensities (low and high) on cognitive performance, adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in mice. A total of 40 C57BL/6J mice were randomised into 5 groups (n = 8 mice per group): control, low-intensity aerobic exercise, high-intensity aerobic exercise, low-intensity resistance exercise, and high-intensity resistance exercise. The aerobic exercise groups underwent treadmill training, while the resistance exercise groups underwent ladder climbing training. At the end of the exercise period, cognitive performance was assessed by the Y-maze and Barnes maze. In addition, adult hippocampal neurogenesis was evaluated immunohistochemically by 5-bromo-2\'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)/ neuronal nuclei (NeuN) co-labeling. The levels of synaptic plasticity-related proteins in the hippocampus, including synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), were analyzed by western blotting. Our results showed no significant differences in cognitive performance among the groups. However, high-intensity aerobic exercise significantly increased hippocampal adult neurogenesis relative to the control. A trend towards increased adult neurogenesis was observed in the low-intensity aerobic group compared to the control group. No significant changes in synaptic plasticity were observed among all groups. Our results indicate that high-intensity aerobic exercise may be the most potent stimulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
摘要：
运动可以导致认知的有益改善。然而,不同运动方式和强度的影响还有待详细探讨。这项研究旨在确定不同的运动模式（有氧和阻力）和强度（低和高）对认知表现的影响，小鼠成年海马神经发生和突触可塑性。将40只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为5组（每组8只小鼠）：对照组，低强度有氧运动,高强度有氧运动,低强度阻力运动，和高强度阻力运动。有氧运动组接受跑步机训练，抵抗运动组进行了梯子攀爬训练。在锻炼期结束时，通过Y迷宫和Barnes迷宫评估认知能力。此外,通过5-溴-2'-脱氧尿苷（BrdU）/神经元核（NeuN）共标记进行免疫组织化学评估成人海马神经发生。海马突触可塑性相关蛋白的水平，包括突触素（SYP）和突触后密度蛋白95（PSD-95），通过蛋白质印迹分析。我们的结果表明，各组之间的认知表现没有显着差异。然而,与对照组相比，高强度有氧运动显著增加了海马成年神经发生。与对照组相比，低强度有氧组观察到成人神经发生增加的趋势。在所有组之间均未观察到突触可塑性的显着变化。我们的结果表明，高强度有氧运动可能是成人海马神经发生的最有效刺激物。
