Abstract：
Wildlife is known to serve as carriers and sources of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to their unrestricted movements and behaviors, they can spread antimicrobial resistant bacteria among livestock, humans, and the environment, thereby accelerating the dissemination of AMR. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is one of major concerns threatening human and animal health, yet transmission mechanisms at the wildlife-livestock interface are not well understood. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of ESBL-producing bacteria spreading across various hosts, including cattle, feral swine, and coyotes in the same habitat range, as well as from environmental samples over a two-year period. We report a notable prevalence and clonal dissemination of ESBL-producing E. coli in feral swine and coyotes, suggesting their persistence and adaptation within wildlife hosts. In addition, in silico studies showed that horizontal gene transfer, mediated by conjugative plasmids and insertion sequences elements, may play a key role in spreading the ESBL genes among these bacteria. Furthermore, the shared gut resistome of cattle and feral swine suggests the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes at the wildlife-livestock interface. Taken together, our results suggest that feral swine may serve as a reservoir of ESBL-producing E. coli.
摘要：
已知野生动物是抗微生物耐药性(AMR)的载体和来源。由于他们不受限制的动作和行为，它们可以在家畜中传播抗微生物细菌，人类,和环境，从而加速AMR的传播。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)的肠杆菌是威胁人类和动物健康的主要问题之一,然而，野生动物-牲畜界面的传播机制还没有得到很好的理解。这里,我们研究了产生ESBL的细菌在各种宿主中传播的机制，包括牛,野猪,和土狼在相同的栖息地范围内，以及两年内的环境样本。我们报告了在野猪和土狼中产生ESBL的大肠杆菌的显着流行和克隆传播，表明它们在野生动物宿主中的持久性和适应性。此外,计算机模拟研究表明，水平基因转移，由共轭质粒和插入序列元件介导，可能在这些细菌之间传播ESBL基因中起关键作用。此外，牛和野猪的共同肠道抗性组表明抗生素抗性基因在野生动物-牲畜界面传播。一起来看,我们的结果表明，野猪可能是产生ESBL的大肠杆菌的水库。
