PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In the context of the growing concern regarding the appearance and spread of emerging pathogens with high resistance to chemically synthetized biocides, the development of new agents for crops and human protection has become an emergency. In this context, the yeasts present a huge potential as eco-friendly agents due to their widespread nature in various habitats and to their wide range of antagonistic mechanisms. The present review focuses on some of the major yeast antimicrobial mechanisms, their molecular basis and practical applications in biocontrol and biomedicine. The synthesis of killer toxins, encoded by dsRNA virus-like particles, dsDNA plasmids or chromosomal genes, is encountered in a wide range of yeast species from nature and industry and can affect the development of phytopathogenic fungi and other yeast strains, as well as human pathogenic bacteria. The group of the \"red yeasts\" is gaining more interest over the last years, not only as natural producers of carotenoids and rhodotorulic acid with active role in cell protection against the oxidative stress, but also due to their ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic yeasts, fungi and bacteria using these compounds and the mechanism of competition for nutritive substrate. Finally, the biosurfactants produced by yeasts characterized by high stability, specificity and biodegrability have proven abilities to inhibit phytopathogenic fungi growth and mycelia formation and to act as efficient antibacterial and antibiofilm formation agents for biomedicine. In conclusion, the antimicrobial activity of yeasts represents a direction of research with numerous possibilities of bioeconomic valorization as innovative strategies to combat pathogenic microorganisms.
摘要：
在人们日益关注对化学合成的杀生物剂具有高抗性的新兴病原体的出现和传播的背景下，开发新的农作物和人类保护剂已成为紧急情况。在这种情况下，酵母由于其在各种栖息地中的广泛性质以及广泛的拮抗机制，因此具有作为生态友好剂的巨大潜力。本综述集中在一些主要的酵母抗菌机制，它们的分子基础和在生物防治和生物医学中的实际应用。杀手毒素的合成，由dsRNA病毒样颗粒编码，dsDNA质粒或染色体基因，在来自自然和工业的各种酵母中遇到，并且可以影响植物病原真菌和其他酵母菌株的发育，以及人类致病菌。在过去的几年里，“红酵母”群体获得了更多的兴趣，不仅作为类胡萝卜素和氧化胡桃酸的天然生产者，在细胞保护对抗氧化应激的积极作用，而且由于它们能够抑制致病性酵母的生长，使用这些化合物的真菌和细菌以及竞争营养底物的机制。最后,酵母生产的生物表面活性剂具有高稳定性，特异性和生物降解性已被证明具有抑制植物病原性真菌生长和菌丝体形成的能力，并可作为生物医学的有效抗菌和抗生物膜形成剂。总之,酵母的抗菌活性代表了研究的方向，具有生物经济价值作为对抗病原微生物的创新策略的许多可能性。
