METHODS: Pharmacy directors at 1,497 general and children\'s medical-surgical hospitals in the United States were surveyed using a mixed-mode method of contact by email and mail. Survey completion was online using Qualtrics. IQVIA supplied data on hospital characteristics; the survey sample was drawn from IQVIA\'s hospital database.
RESULTS: The response rate was 21.6%. Inpatient pharmacists independently prescribe medications in 26.7% of hospitals. Advanced analytics are used in 5.7% of hospitals. Basic analytics are used in 87.3% of hospitals. Pharmacists work in ambulatory or primary care clinics in 54.2% of hospitals operating outpatient clinics. Most hospitals (86.1%) use automated dispensing cabinets as the primary method of maintenance dose distribution. Machine-readable coding is used in 73.6% of hospitals to verify doses during dispensing in the pharmacy. Autoverification functionality in the electronic health record system is used in 73.4% of hospitals. Most hospitals report some integration of pharmacy services to optimize patient care transitions (60.0%), while 24.9% report no integration. Traditional technician activities still predominate, but more advanced roles are emerging. Technologies to assist sterile product preparation are used in 62.8% of hospitals.
CONCLUSIONS: Drug distribution continues to trend toward decentralized models with medications available closer to patients. Technologies are enabling this transition to occur without a significant negative impact on patient safety. The pharmacy workforce is stable, and more advanced responsibilities are being assigned to pharmacy technicians, enabling pharmacists to increase their clinical role.
方法:对美国1,497家普通医院和儿童外科医院的药房主任进行了调查,采用电子邮件和邮件联系的混合模式。使用Qualtrics在线完成调查。IQVIA提供了有关医院特征的数据;调查样本来自IQVIA的医院数据库。
结果:有效率为21.6%。住院药剂师在26.7%的医院中独立开药。5.7%的医院使用高级分析。87.3%的医院使用基本分析。药剂师在54.2%的门诊诊所或初级保健诊所工作。大多数医院(86.1%)使用自动分配柜作为维持剂量分配的主要方法。73.6%的医院使用机器可读编码来验证药房配药期间的剂量。73.4%的医院使用了电子健康记录系统中的自动验证功能。大多数医院报告说,药房服务的一些整合,以优化患者护理过渡(60.0%),而24.9%的人报告没有整合。传统的技术人员活动仍然占主导地位,但是更高级的角色正在出现。62.8%的医院使用辅助无菌产品制备的技术。
结论:药物分布继续朝着分散模式发展,药物更接近患者。技术使这种转变能够发生,而不会对患者安全产生重大负面影响。药房劳动力稳定,更高级的职责被分配给药学技术人员,使药剂师能够增加他们的临床作用。