PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
We report the first use of ERP measures to identify text engagement differences when reading digitally or in print. Depth of semantic encoding is key for reading comprehension, and we predicted that deeper reading of expository texts would facilitate stronger associations with subsequently-presented related words, resulting in enhanced N400 responses to unrelated probe words and a graded attenuation of the N400 to related and moderately related words. In contrast, shallow reading would produce weaker associations between probe words and text passages, resulting in enhanced N400 responses to both moderately related and unrelated words, and an attenuated response to related words. Behavioral research has shown deeper semantic encoding of text from paper than from a screen. Hence, we predicted that the N400 would index deeper reading of text passages that were presented in print, and shallower reading of texts presented digitally. Middle-school students (n = 59) read passages in digital and print formats and high-density EEG was recorded while participants completed single-word semantic judgment tasks after each passage. Following digital text presentation, the N400 response pattern to moderately-related words indicated shallow reading, tracking with responses to words that were unrelated to the text. Following print reading, the N400 responses to moderately-related words patterned instead with responses to related words, interpreted as an index of deeper reading. These findings provide evidence of differences in brain responses to texts presented in print and digital media, including deeper semantic encoding for print than digital texts.
摘要：
我们报告了首次使用ERP措施来识别数字或印刷阅读时的文本参与度差异。语义编码的深度是阅读理解的关键,我们预测，对说明性文本的更深入阅读将促进与随后呈现的相关单词的更强关联，导致N400对无关探针词的响应增强，以及N400对相关和中度相关词的分级衰减。相比之下,浅阅读会产生探针词和文本段落之间较弱的联系，导致N400对中等相关和不相关单词的响应增强，对相关单词的反应减弱。行为研究表明，来自纸张的文本比来自屏幕的文本的语义编码更深。因此，我们预测，N400将索引更深入地阅读印刷文本段落，对数字呈现的文本的阅读更浅。中学生（n=59）以数字和印刷格式阅读段落，并记录高密度脑电图，而参与者在每次段落后完成单单词语义判断任务。在数字文本演示之后，N400对中等相关单词的反应模式表明阅读浅，跟踪与文本无关的单词的响应。在打印阅读之后，N400对中度相关单词的响应，而不是对相关单词的响应，解释为更深入阅读的索引。这些发现提供了大脑对印刷和数字媒体中文本反应差异的证据。包括比数字文本更深的印刷语义编码。
