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Abstract：
Ocular neovascularization is the leading cause of blindness in clinical settings. Pathological angiogenesis of the eye can be divided into corneal neovascularization (CoNV), retinal neovascularization (RNV, including diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity), and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) based on the anatomical location of abnormal neovascularization. Although anti-Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents have wide-ranging clinical applications and are an effective treatment for neovascular eye disease, many deficiencies in this treatment strategy remain. Recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that macrophages are vital during the process of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Monocyte-macrophage lineage is diverse and plastic, they can shift between different activation modes and have different functions. Due to the obvious regulatory effect of macrophages on inflammation and angiogenesis, macrophages have been increasingly studied in the field of ophthalmology. Here, we detail how macrophage activated and the role of different subtypes of macrophages in the pathogenesis of ocular neovascularization. The complexity of macrophages has recently taken center stage owing to their subset diversity and tightly regulated molecular and metabolic phenotypes. In this review, we reveal the functional and phenotypic characterization of macrophage subsets associated with ocular neovascularization, more in-depth research is needed to explore the specific mechanisms by which macrophages regulate angiogenesis as well as macrophage polarization. Targeted regulation of macrophage differentiation based on their phenotype and function could be an effective approach to treat and manage ocular neovascularization in the future.
摘要：
眼部新生血管形成是临床环境中失明的主要原因。眼睛的病理性血管生成可分为角膜新生血管（CoNV），视网膜新生血管形成（RNV，包括糖尿病性视网膜病变和早产儿视网膜病变)，和脉络膜新生血管（CNV）基于异常新生血管的解剖位置。尽管抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）药物具有广泛的临床应用，并且是新生血管性眼病的有效治疗方法。这种治疗策略仍然存在许多缺陷。最近,新的证据表明，巨噬细胞在生理性和病理性血管生成过程中至关重要。单核细胞-巨噬细胞谱系多样且可塑，它们可以在不同的激活模式之间转换，并具有不同的功能。由于巨噬细胞对炎症和血管生成具有明显的调节作用,巨噬细胞在眼科领域的研究越来越多。这里,我们详细介绍了巨噬细胞是如何激活的，以及不同亚型的巨噬细胞在眼部新生血管形成的发病机制中的作用。由于巨噬细胞的子集多样性和紧密调节的分子和代谢表型，巨噬细胞的复杂性最近已成为中心阶段。在这次审查中,我们揭示了与眼部新生血管相关的巨噬细胞亚群的功能和表型特征，需要更深入的研究来探索巨噬细胞调节血管生成以及巨噬细胞极化的具体机制。基于巨噬细胞表型和功能的定向分化调控可能是未来治疗和管理眼部新生血管的有效方法。
