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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids on experimental animals with autoimmune diseases (AIDs).
METHODS: The protocol for this systematic review and Meta-analysis was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023395741). Searches were conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Journals, China Biomedical, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to screen for animal studies investigating the therapeutic effects of saponins, flavones, or alkaloids on autoimmune diseases; consequently, corresponding data extraction tables were prepared. Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation was used to assess the risk of methodological bias in the included literature. RevMan 5.4 was used for the Meta-analysis on the 8 serum cytokines.
RESULTS: A total of 31 studies were included, all of which were randomized controlled studies. Meta-analysis indicated that substances rich in saponins, flavones, and alkaloids reduced serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-2.99, -0.90), P = 0.0003], IL-6 [SMD = -1.65, 95% CI (-2.33, -0.97,) P < 0.000 01], IL-17 [SMD = -2.41, 95% CI (-3.61, -1.20), P < 0.0001], tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [SMD = -1.84, 95% CI (-2.61, -1.06), P < 0.0001], and interferon (IFN)-γ [SMD = -1.54, 95% CI (-2.43, -0.65), P = 0.0007], but increased serum levels of IL-4 [SMD = 1.30, 95% CI (0.15, 2.44), P = 0.03) and IL-10 [SMD = 2.05, 95% CI (1.39, 2.70), P < 0.000 01) in animal models. However, no significant regulatory effect of these three active components was observed on serum levels of IL-2 [SMD = -0.63, 95% CI (-1.82, 0.57), P = 0.30].
CONCLUSIONS: Substances containing saponins, flavones, and alkaloids regulated the changes of immune-related cytokines, it may be a novel dietary substance to relieve and control autoimmune diseases in the future.
METHODS: The protocol for this systematic review and Meta-analysis was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023395741). Searches were conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Journals, China Biomedical, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to screen for animal studies investigating the therapeutic effects of saponins, flavones, or alkaloids on autoimmune diseases; consequently, corresponding data extraction tables were prepared. Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation was used to assess the risk of methodological bias in the included literature. RevMan 5.4 was used for the Meta-analysis on the 8 serum cytokines.
RESULTS: A total of 31 studies were included, all of which were randomized controlled studies. Meta-analysis indicated that substances rich in saponins, flavones, and alkaloids reduced serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-2.99, -0.90), P = 0.0003], IL-6 [SMD = -1.65, 95% CI (-2.33, -0.97,) P < 0.000 01], IL-17 [SMD = -2.41, 95% CI (-3.61, -1.20), P < 0.0001], tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [SMD = -1.84, 95% CI (-2.61, -1.06), P < 0.0001], and interferon (IFN)-γ [SMD = -1.54, 95% CI (-2.43, -0.65), P = 0.0007], but increased serum levels of IL-4 [SMD = 1.30, 95% CI (0.15, 2.44), P = 0.03) and IL-10 [SMD = 2.05, 95% CI (1.39, 2.70), P < 0.000 01) in animal models. However, no significant regulatory effect of these three active components was observed on serum levels of IL-2 [SMD = -0.63, 95% CI (-1.82, 0.57), P = 0.30].
CONCLUSIONS: Substances containing saponins, flavones, and alkaloids regulated the changes of immune-related cytokines, it may be a novel dietary substance to relieve and control autoimmune diseases in the future.
摘要：
目的：研究含3种活性成分的物质——皂苷的药效，黄酮,和生物碱对患有自身免疫性疾病（AIDs）的实验动物。
方法：本系统综述和Meta分析的方案在PROSPERO（CRD42023395741）中前瞻性注册。在中国国家知识基础设施中进行了搜索，万方,中国科技期刊,中国生物医学,PubMed,科克伦图书馆,和Embase数据库，以筛选调查皂苷治疗效果的动物研究，黄酮,或生物碱对自身免疫性疾病；因此，编制了相应的数据提取表。实验动物实验系统评价中心用于评估纳入文献中方法学偏倚的风险。采用RevMan5.4对8种血清细胞因子进行Meta分析。
结果：共纳入31项研究，所有研究均为随机对照研究.Meta分析表明,富含皂苷的物质,黄酮,和生物碱降低血清白细胞介素（IL）-1β水平[标准化均差（SMD）=-1.94，95％置信区间（CI）（-2.99，-0.90），P=0.0003],IL-6[SMD=-1.65，95%CI（-2.33，-0.97，）P<0.00001]，IL-17[SMD=-2.41，95%CI（-3.61，-1.20），P<0.0001],肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α[SMD=-1.84，95%CI（-2.61，-1.06），P<0.0001],和干扰素（IFN）-γ[SMD=-1.54，95%CI（-2.43，-0.65），P=0.0007],但血清IL-4水平升高[SMD=1.30,95%CI(0.15,2.44),P=0.03）和IL-10[SMD=2.05，95%CI（1.39，2.70），P<0.00001)在动物模型中。然而,这三种活性成分对血清IL-2水平没有显著的调节作用[SMD=-0.63,95%CI(-1.82,0.57),P=0.30]。
结论：含有皂苷的物质，黄酮,生物碱调节免疫相关细胞因子的变化，它可能是未来缓解和控制自身免疫性疾病的一种新型膳食物质。
方法：本系统综述和Meta分析的方案在PROSPERO（CRD42023395741）中前瞻性注册。在中国国家知识基础设施中进行了搜索，万方,中国科技期刊,中国生物医学,PubMed,科克伦图书馆,和Embase数据库，以筛选调查皂苷治疗效果的动物研究，黄酮,或生物碱对自身免疫性疾病；因此，编制了相应的数据提取表。实验动物实验系统评价中心用于评估纳入文献中方法学偏倚的风险。采用RevMan5.4对8种血清细胞因子进行Meta分析。
结果：共纳入31项研究，所有研究均为随机对照研究.Meta分析表明,富含皂苷的物质,黄酮,和生物碱降低血清白细胞介素（IL）-1β水平[标准化均差（SMD）=-1.94，95％置信区间（CI）（-2.99，-0.90），P=0.0003],IL-6[SMD=-1.65，95%CI（-2.33，-0.97，）P<0.00001]，IL-17[SMD=-2.41，95%CI（-3.61，-1.20），P<0.0001],肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α[SMD=-1.84，95%CI（-2.61，-1.06），P<0.0001],和干扰素（IFN）-γ[SMD=-1.54，95%CI（-2.43，-0.65），P=0.0007],但血清IL-4水平升高[SMD=1.30,95%CI(0.15,2.44),P=0.03）和IL-10[SMD=2.05，95%CI（1.39，2.70），P<0.00001)在动物模型中。然而,这三种活性成分对血清IL-2水平没有显著的调节作用[SMD=-0.63,95%CI(-1.82,0.57),P=0.30]。
结论：含有皂苷的物质，黄酮,生物碱调节免疫相关细胞因子的变化，它可能是未来缓解和控制自身免疫性疾病的一种新型膳食物质。
