Abstract：
In the early twentieth century, childbirth was increasingly being viewed as a medical experience in North America. Women were encouraged to engage with \'scientific motherhood\' by adhering to medical advice and undergoing the latest medical and technological interventions. Two movements simultaneously emerged that engaged with scientific motherhood: the positive eugenics movement, which sought to encourage reproduction among specific groups, and the twilight sleep movement, which promoted the use of pain management during childbirth. While these two distinct movements had different goals, they intersected both in their intended audiences (white, middle-class and upper-class American women) and in their prioritisation of medical and scientific authority. This article builds on work that has identified connections between twilight sleep and the eugenics movement to consider the role of twentieth-century magazines in rhetorically linking the eugenics and twilight sleep movements, and how this contributed to constructing the cultural role of the \'scientific mother\'.As a key proponent of twilight sleep, the American monthly periodical McClure\'s Magazine is the focus of this investigation. Articles published in McClure\'s incorporated the rhetoric of the eugenics movement to promote twilight sleep and \'painless childbirth\', while also engaging with concerns of the eugenics movement by framing the falling birthrate among American women as a social and political problem. Alongside the rhetorical framing within McClure\'s articles, we focus on visual material such as photographs that exhibit \'eugenic mothers\' and healthy \'twilight sleep babies\' to promote the method\'s safety and efficacy to American audiences. This article incorporates scholarship on early twentieth-century eugenics and photography, women\'s involvement in the eugenics movement, and twilight sleep and the politics of women\'s health. Through its analysis, this article demonstrates that the convergence of developments in obstetrics and the eugenics movement in popular media had complex implications for women\'s reproductive agency in the early twentieth century.
摘要：
在二十世纪初，在北美，分娩越来越被视为一种医疗经历。通过坚持医疗建议和接受最新的医疗和技术干预，鼓励妇女参与“科学孕产”。同时出现了两个与科学母亲有关的运动：积极的优生学运动，试图鼓励特定群体之间的繁殖，和暮光之城的睡眠运动，这促进了分娩期间疼痛管理的使用。虽然这两个不同的运动有不同的目标，他们在他们的目标受众(白色，中产阶级和上流社会的美国妇女）以及他们对医学和科学权威的优先考虑。本文以确定暮光睡眠与优生学运动之间联系的工作为基础，以考虑20世纪杂志在修辞上将优生学与暮光睡眠运动联系起来的作用，以及这如何有助于构建“科学母亲”的文化角色。作为黄昏睡眠的主要支持者，美国月刊麦克卢尔杂志是这次调查的重点。McClure发表的文章结合了优生学运动的修辞，以促进暮色睡眠和“无痛分娩”，同时也通过将美国妇女的出生率下降视为社会和政治问题来关注优生学运动。除了麦克卢尔文章中的修辞框架之外，我们专注于视觉材料，例如展示“优生母亲”和健康“暮色睡眠婴儿”的照片，以向美国观众宣传该方法的安全性和有效性。本文结合了20世纪初优生学和摄影的学术研究，妇女参与优生学运动，黄昏的睡眠和妇女健康的政治。通过分析,这篇文章表明，在20世纪初，产科的发展和大众媒体的优生运动的融合对妇女的生殖机构产生了复杂的影响。
