Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Iron deficiency, anaemia, and menorrhagia - or heavy menstrual bleeding - are interrelated conditions that are highly prevalent and commonly underrecognised in exercising females of reproductive age. This study utilised a screening tool to identify risk factors and symptoms associated with heavy menstrual bleeding, iron deficiency, and anaemia in this population.
METHODS: An observational, cross sectional survey study was employed.
METHODS: 1042 active females (aged 18-65) completed a comprehensive screening questionnaire and 887 (85 % compliance) provided a fingerprick blood sample for haemoglobin (Hb) concentration measurement. Women that presented as anaemic (defined as a [Hb] < 120 g/L) or deemed to be at risk of iron deficiency (120 < [Hb] < 130 g/L) were asked to complete follow-up blood tests to screen for iron studies.
RESULTS: Average [Hb] was 134.2 ± 12.1 g/L, with 94 individuals considered anaemic (10.6 %). Of the sample, 104 underwent follow-up blood tests; 51 (~49 %) presented with iron deficiency (defined as ferritin <30 μg/L). Based on survey responses, 274 (30.9 %) participants were determined to have heavy menstrual bleeding. Those presenting with heavy menstrual bleeding were younger, exercised fewer hours per week, and were more likely to have a history of iron deficiency or anaemia (all p < 0.05). Participants reporting a history of anaemia or iron deficiency were more likely to have heavy menstrual bleeding (anaemia: 39.7 %; iron deficiency; 36.9 %; both p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of exercising females of reproductive age, the prevalence of anaemia was 10.6 %. There is a strong association between heavy menstrual bleeding and a self-reported history of iron deficiency and anaemia. Greater awareness of heavy menstrual bleeding and its relationship with iron deficiency and anaemia is needed in this population. Non-invasive screening should be conducted to raise awareness and further understand the associated risk factors and symptomatology.
METHODS: An observational, cross sectional survey study was employed.
METHODS: 1042 active females (aged 18-65) completed a comprehensive screening questionnaire and 887 (85 % compliance) provided a fingerprick blood sample for haemoglobin (Hb) concentration measurement. Women that presented as anaemic (defined as a [Hb] < 120 g/L) or deemed to be at risk of iron deficiency (120 < [Hb] < 130 g/L) were asked to complete follow-up blood tests to screen for iron studies.
RESULTS: Average [Hb] was 134.2 ± 12.1 g/L, with 94 individuals considered anaemic (10.6 %). Of the sample, 104 underwent follow-up blood tests; 51 (~49 %) presented with iron deficiency (defined as ferritin <30 μg/L). Based on survey responses, 274 (30.9 %) participants were determined to have heavy menstrual bleeding. Those presenting with heavy menstrual bleeding were younger, exercised fewer hours per week, and were more likely to have a history of iron deficiency or anaemia (all p < 0.05). Participants reporting a history of anaemia or iron deficiency were more likely to have heavy menstrual bleeding (anaemia: 39.7 %; iron deficiency; 36.9 %; both p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of exercising females of reproductive age, the prevalence of anaemia was 10.6 %. There is a strong association between heavy menstrual bleeding and a self-reported history of iron deficiency and anaemia. Greater awareness of heavy menstrual bleeding and its relationship with iron deficiency and anaemia is needed in this population. Non-invasive screening should be conducted to raise awareness and further understand the associated risk factors and symptomatology.
摘要：
目标：缺铁，贫血,和月经过多-或大量月经出血-是相互关联的疾病，在锻炼育龄女性中非常普遍，通常被低估。这项研究利用筛查工具来确定与月经大量出血相关的危险因素和症状，缺铁,和贫血在这个人群中。
方法：观察性，采用横断面调查研究。
方法：1042名活跃女性（18-65岁）完成了全面的筛查问卷，887名（85%的依从性）提供了用于血红蛋白（Hb）浓度测量的手指刺血样本。要求表现为贫血（定义为[Hb]<120g/L）或被认为有铁缺乏风险（120<[Hb]<130g/L）的妇女完成后续血液测试以筛选铁研究。
结果：平均[Hb]为134.2±12.1g/L，94人认为贫血(10.6%)。在样本中，104例接受了随访血液检查；51例（约49％）表现为缺铁（定义为铁蛋白<30μg/L）。根据调查答复，274名（30.9%）参与者被确定为月经大量出血。那些出现大量月经出血的人更年轻，每周锻炼更少的时间，并且更有可能有缺铁或贫血史（均p<0.05）。报告有贫血或缺铁史的参与者更有可能有严重的月经出血（贫血：39.7％;缺铁;36.9％;两者均p<0.05）。
结论：在这个育龄女性锻炼队列中，贫血的患病率为10.6%.大量月经出血与自我报告的缺铁和贫血病史之间存在很强的关联。在这一人群中，需要更多地了解大量月经出血及其与缺铁和贫血的关系。应进行非侵入性筛查，以提高认识并进一步了解相关的危险因素和症状。
方法：观察性，采用横断面调查研究。
方法：1042名活跃女性（18-65岁）完成了全面的筛查问卷，887名（85%的依从性）提供了用于血红蛋白（Hb）浓度测量的手指刺血样本。要求表现为贫血（定义为[Hb]<120g/L）或被认为有铁缺乏风险（120<[Hb]<130g/L）的妇女完成后续血液测试以筛选铁研究。
结果：平均[Hb]为134.2±12.1g/L，94人认为贫血(10.6%)。在样本中，104例接受了随访血液检查；51例（约49％）表现为缺铁（定义为铁蛋白<30μg/L）。根据调查答复，274名（30.9%）参与者被确定为月经大量出血。那些出现大量月经出血的人更年轻，每周锻炼更少的时间，并且更有可能有缺铁或贫血史（均p<0.05）。报告有贫血或缺铁史的参与者更有可能有严重的月经出血（贫血：39.7％;缺铁;36.9％;两者均p<0.05）。
结论：在这个育龄女性锻炼队列中，贫血的患病率为10.6%.大量月经出血与自我报告的缺铁和贫血病史之间存在很强的关联。在这一人群中，需要更多地了解大量月经出血及其与缺铁和贫血的关系。应进行非侵入性筛查，以提高认识并进一步了解相关的危险因素和症状。
