Abstract：
Although there is a large research base on the psychological impacts of violent and prosocial visual media, there is little research addressing the impacts of violent and prosocial music, and which facets of the music have the greatest impact. Four experiments tested the impact of lyrics and/or musical tone on aggressive and prosocial behavior, and on underlying psychological processes, using purpose-built songs to avoid the effect of music-related confounds. In study one, where mildly aggressive, overtly aggressive and violent lyrics were compared to neutral lyrics, any level of lyrical aggression caused an increase in behavioral aggression, which plateaued for all three aggression conditions. Violent lyrics were better recalled than other lyrics one week later. In studies two-three no significant effects of lyrics, or of aggressive versus nonaggressive musical tone, were found on aggressive or prosocial behavior. In terms of internal states, violent lyrics increased hostility/hostile cognitions in all studies, and negatively impacted affective state in three studies. Prosocial lyrics decreased hostility/hostile cognitions in three studies, but always in tandem with another factor. Aggressive musical tone increased physiological arousal in two studies and increased negative affect in one. In study four those who listened to violent lyrics drove more aggressively on a simulated drive that included triggers for aggression. Overall, violent lyrics consistently elicited hostility/hostile cognitions and negative affect, but these did not always translate to aggressive behavior. Violent music seems more likely to elicit behavioral aggression when there are aggression triggers and a clear way to aggress. Implications are discussed.
摘要：
尽管有大量关于暴力和亲社会视觉媒体的心理影响的研究基础，很少有研究解决暴力和亲社会音乐的影响，音乐的哪个方面影响最大。四个实验测试了歌词和/或音乐音调对攻击性和亲社会行为的影响，以及潜在的心理过程，使用专门构建的歌曲来避免与音乐相关的混淆。在研究一，温和的侵略性，将公开的侵略性和暴力的歌词与中性歌词进行了比较，任何程度的抒情攻击都会导致行为攻击的增加，这三个侵略条件都稳定了。一周后，暴力歌词比其他歌词更好地回忆。在2-3的研究中，歌词没有显著影响，或者攻击性与非攻击性的音乐音调，被发现有攻击性或亲社会行为。就内部国家而言，在所有研究中，暴力歌词增加了敌意/敌意认知，在三项研究中对情感状态产生了负面影响。在三项研究中，亲社会歌词减少了敌意/敌意认知，但总是与另一个因素同步。在两项研究中，激进的音乐音调增加了生理唤醒，在一项研究中增加了负面影响。在研究中，四名听暴力歌词的人在模拟驾驶中驾驶得更积极，其中包括侵略的触发因素。总的来说,暴力歌词持续引发敌意/敌意认知和负面影响，但这些并不总是转化为攻击性行为。当存在侵略触发因素和明显的侵略方式时，暴力音乐似乎更有可能引发行为侵略。讨论了含义。
