Abstract：
Toxic metal(loid)s released into the soil by non-ferrous metal mining and smelting activities pose a serious threat to residents and the surrounding ecosystem. Considering only total metal(loid) concentrations likely overestimates routine (eco)toxicological risk assessment of soil. We hypothesize that considering metal(loid) bioavailability/accessibility will improve the accuracy of risk assessment. To test this hypothesis, four mining areas in Southwest China, including mining and surrounding sites, were studied. Bioavailability was determined considering metal(loid)s leached by a simulated strong acid rain (SSAR) treatment. In the four areas, the mining site showed higher cumulative releases of metal(loid)s under SSAR treatment than the agricultural field located in the surrounding sites. Thus, the bioavailable metal(loid)s contents were continuously being released during SSAR treatment and likely increased the environmental risk. Ecological and health risk assessment of soil, calculated using total metal(loid)s content, was corrected considering bioavailable/accessible metal(loid)s, which was determined by the heavy metal(loid)s forms and in vitro simulated intestinal stages. Although the corrected indices indicated that the risk of metal(loid)s-contaminated soil was reduced, unfavorable ecological and health risks remained in the four areas. Our study provides new perspectives to better predict the risk of bioavailable/accessible metal(loid)s in non-ferrous metal contaminated and surrounding soils.
摘要：
有色金属开采和冶炼活动释放到土壤中的有毒金属（类）对居民和周围生态系统构成严重威胁。仅考虑总金属（类）浓度可能会高估土壤的常规（生态）毒理学风险评估。我们假设考虑金属（类）的生物利用度/可及性将提高风险评估的准确性。为了检验这个假设，中国西南四个矿区，包括采矿和周边地点，被研究过。生物利用度是考虑通过模拟强酸雨（SSAR）处理浸出的金属（类）来确定的。在四个方面，在SSAR处理下，采矿地点的金属（loid）累积释放量高于周围地点的农田。因此，在SSAR治疗期间，生物可利用金属（loid）的含量不断释放，并可能增加环境风险。土壤生态健康风险评价,使用总金属(类)含量计算，考虑到生物可利用/可接近的金属(loid)，这是由重金属（loid）的形式和体外模拟的肠道阶段决定的。尽管校正后的指数表明金属（类）污染土壤的风险降低，这四个领域仍然存在不利的生态和健康风险。我们的研究提供了新的观点，可以更好地预测有色金属污染和周围土壤中生物可利用/可访问金属（loid）的风险。
