PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Landraces are important genetic resources that have a significant role in maintaining the long-term sustainability of traditional agro-ecosystems, food, nutrition, and livelihood security. In an effort to document landraces in the on-farm conservation context, Central Western Ghat region in India was surveyed. A total of 671 landraces belonging to 60 crops were recorded from 24 sites. The custodian farmers were found to conserve a variety of crops including vegetables, cereals and pulses, perennial fruits, spices, tuber and plantation crops. The survey indicated a difference in the prevalence of landraces across the sites. A significant difference with respect to the Shannon-diversity index, Gini-Simpson index, evenness, species richness, and abundance was observed among the different survey sites. Computation of a prevalence index indicated the need for immediate intervention in the form of collecting and ex situ conservation of landraces of some crops as a back-up to on-farm conservation. The study also identified the critical determinants of on-farm conservation, including (i) suitability to regional conditions, (ii) relevance in regional cuisine and local medicinal practices, (iii) cultural and traditional significance, and (iv) economic advantage. The information documented in this study is expected to promote the collection and conservation of landraces ex situ. The National Genebank housed at ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi conserves around 550 accessions of landraces collected from the Central Western Ghats region surveyed in this report. Information collected from custodian farmers on specific uses will be helpful to enhance the utilization of these accessions.
摘要：
地方品种是重要的遗传资源,对保持传统农业生态系统的长期可持续性具有重要作用,食物,营养,和生计安全。为了在农场保护背景下记录地方品种，对印度中西部Ghat地区进行了调查。从24个地点记录了属于60种作物的671个地方品种。保管员农民被发现可以保护包括蔬菜在内的各种农作物，谷物和豆类，多年生水果,香料,块茎和种植园作物。调查表明，各个地点的地方品种流行率存在差异。关于香农多样性指数的显著差异，Gini-Simpson指数,均匀度，物种丰富度,在不同的调查地点之间观察到丰富。流行指数的计算表明，需要立即采取干预措施，以收集和异地保护某些作物的地方品种，作为农场保护的后盾。该研究还确定了农场保护的关键决定因素，包括(I)对区域条件的适宜性，（ii）与区域美食和当地医学实践的相关性，（三）文化和传统的意义，（四）经济优势。本研究中记录的信息有望促进地方品种异地的收集和保护。国家基因库位于ICAR-NBPGR，新德里保存了从本报告调查的中西部高止山脉地区收集的约550种地方品种。从托管农民那里收集的有关特定用途的信息将有助于提高这些种质的利用率。
