Abstract：
Agriculture activity contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through its utilization of land, water, and energy for food production. Hence, the interactions between land, water, and GHG emissions in agricultural production need to be comprehensively studied. The study aimed to assess the Land-Water-GHG-Food Nexus Index (LWGFNI) of rice cultivation across various land suitability classes in Central Thailand and determining the physical, socio-economic, and policy factors that can influence farmers\' decisions to choose for cultivating rice instead of shifting to other crops. The results indicated that the highest LWGFNI score was 0.69 for the rice grown in the moderate suitability land class which revealed a lower use of land and water resources as well as GHG emissions compared to other levels of land suitability. The LWGFNI scores of major rice cultivation were greater compared to the second rice in all four-land suitability. The use of fertilizers had a crucial role in enhancing productivity levels and was a significant factor in the generation of GHG emissions. Hence, improving effective production should consider the appropriate use of fertilizer. The physical, socio-economic, and policy-related aspects that significantly influenced farmers\' decisions on cultivation of rice included topography, water resources, inherited professions, price guarantee, and knowledge/training factors. The methodology used and results obtained can help policy makers to plan the use of water and land resources efficiently and appropriately with local resources based on land suitability class. The assessment results revealed the GHG hotspots and the strategies to mitigate GHG emissions associated with rice cultivation.
摘要：
农业活动通过利用土地来促进温室气体(GHG)排放，水,和粮食生产的能源。因此，土地之间的相互作用，水,农业生产中的温室气体排放需要全面研究。该研究旨在评估泰国中部各种土地适宜性类别的水稻种植的土地-水-温室气体-食物关系指数(LWGFNI)，社会经济,以及可能影响农民选择种植水稻而不是转向其他作物的政策因素。结果表明，在中等适宜性土地类别中种植的水稻的最高LWGFNI评分为0.69，这表明与其他土地适宜性水平相比，土地和水资源的利用率以及温室气体排放量较低。在所有四个土地的适宜性中，主要水稻种植的LWGFNI得分均高于第二水稻。化肥的使用在提高生产力水平方面起着至关重要的作用，并且是产生温室气体排放的重要因素。因此，提高有效产量应考虑适当使用化肥。物理，社会经济,以及显著影响农民水稻种植决策的政策相关方面包括地形，水资源,继承的职业，价格保证,和知识/培训因素。所使用的方法和获得的结果可以帮助决策者根据土地适宜性等级，利用当地资源，有效和适当地规划水和土地资源的使用。评估结果揭示了温室气体的热点和减少与水稻种植相关的温室气体排放的策略。
