Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a system for otomicrosurgery based on 4K three-dimensional (3D) exoscope technology and apply it to cochlear implantation.
METHODS: An open stereoscopic vision-based surgical system, which differs from traditional surgical microscopes, was created by utilizing 4K stereo imaging technology and combining it with low-latency 4K ultra-high-definition 3D display. The system underwent evaluation based on 57 cochlear implantation operations, three designed microscopic manipulations, and a questionnaire survey.
RESULTS: The surgical images displayed by the 4K-3D exoscope system (4K-3D-ES) are stereoscopic, clear, and smooth. The use of 4K-3D-ES in cochlear implantation is not inferior to traditional microscopes in terms of intraoperative bleeding and surgical complications, and the surgical duration is not slower or may even be faster than when using traditional microscopes. The results of micromanipulation experiments conducted on 16 students also confirmed this and demonstrated that 4K-3D-ES can be easily adapted. Furthermore, additional advantages of 4K-3D-ES were gathered. Significantly enlarged and high-definition stereoscopic images contribute to the visualization of finer anatomical microstructures such as chordae tympani, ensuring safer surgery. Users feel more comfortable in their necks, shoulders, waists, and backs. Real-time shared stereoscopic view for multiple people, convenient for collaboration and teaching. The ear endoscope and 4K-3D-ES enable seamless switching on the same screen. High-definition 3D images and videos can be saved with just one click, making future publication and communication convenient.
CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility and safety of 4K-3D-ES for cochlear implantation surgery have been demonstrated. The 4K-3D-ES also offers numerous unique advantages and holds clinical application and promotional value.
METHODS: An open stereoscopic vision-based surgical system, which differs from traditional surgical microscopes, was created by utilizing 4K stereo imaging technology and combining it with low-latency 4K ultra-high-definition 3D display. The system underwent evaluation based on 57 cochlear implantation operations, three designed microscopic manipulations, and a questionnaire survey.
RESULTS: The surgical images displayed by the 4K-3D exoscope system (4K-3D-ES) are stereoscopic, clear, and smooth. The use of 4K-3D-ES in cochlear implantation is not inferior to traditional microscopes in terms of intraoperative bleeding and surgical complications, and the surgical duration is not slower or may even be faster than when using traditional microscopes. The results of micromanipulation experiments conducted on 16 students also confirmed this and demonstrated that 4K-3D-ES can be easily adapted. Furthermore, additional advantages of 4K-3D-ES were gathered. Significantly enlarged and high-definition stereoscopic images contribute to the visualization of finer anatomical microstructures such as chordae tympani, ensuring safer surgery. Users feel more comfortable in their necks, shoulders, waists, and backs. Real-time shared stereoscopic view for multiple people, convenient for collaboration and teaching. The ear endoscope and 4K-3D-ES enable seamless switching on the same screen. High-definition 3D images and videos can be saved with just one click, making future publication and communication convenient.
CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility and safety of 4K-3D-ES for cochlear implantation surgery have been demonstrated. The 4K-3D-ES also offers numerous unique advantages and holds clinical application and promotional value.
摘要：
目的：评估一种基于4K三维（3D）外镜技术的用于耳显微手术的系统，并将其应用于人工耳蜗植入。
方法：开放的基于立体视觉的手术系统，它不同于传统的手术显微镜，是通过利用4K立体成像技术并将其与低延迟4K超高清3D显示相结合而创建的。该系统根据57例人工耳蜗植入手术进行了评估，三个设计的微观操作，和问卷调查。
结果：4K-3D出镜系统（4K-3D-ES）显示的手术图像是立体的，clear,和光滑。4K-3D-ES在人工耳蜗植入术中的应用在术中出血和手术并发症方面不逊于传统显微镜,并且手术持续时间不慢，甚至可能比使用传统显微镜时更快。对16名学生进行的显微操作实验结果也证实了这一点，并证明了4K-3D-ES可以很容易地适应。此外，收集了4K-3D-ES的其他优势。显着放大和高清立体图像有助于更精细的解剖微结构的可视化，例如鼓索，确保手术更安全。用户感到脖子更舒服，肩膀,腰部,和背。多人的实时共享立体视图，便于协作和教学。耳内窥镜和4K-3D-ES可在同一屏幕上无缝切换。只需点击一下即可保存高清3D图像和视频，方便将来的出版和交流。
结论：已经证明了4K-3D-ES用于人工耳蜗植入手术的可行性和安全性。4K-3D-ES还提供了许多独特的优势，并具有临床应用和推广价值。
方法：开放的基于立体视觉的手术系统，它不同于传统的手术显微镜，是通过利用4K立体成像技术并将其与低延迟4K超高清3D显示相结合而创建的。该系统根据57例人工耳蜗植入手术进行了评估，三个设计的微观操作，和问卷调查。
结果：4K-3D出镜系统（4K-3D-ES）显示的手术图像是立体的，clear,和光滑。4K-3D-ES在人工耳蜗植入术中的应用在术中出血和手术并发症方面不逊于传统显微镜,并且手术持续时间不慢，甚至可能比使用传统显微镜时更快。对16名学生进行的显微操作实验结果也证实了这一点，并证明了4K-3D-ES可以很容易地适应。此外，收集了4K-3D-ES的其他优势。显着放大和高清立体图像有助于更精细的解剖微结构的可视化，例如鼓索，确保手术更安全。用户感到脖子更舒服，肩膀,腰部,和背。多人的实时共享立体视图，便于协作和教学。耳内窥镜和4K-3D-ES可在同一屏幕上无缝切换。只需点击一下即可保存高清3D图像和视频，方便将来的出版和交流。
结论：已经证明了4K-3D-ES用于人工耳蜗植入手术的可行性和安全性。4K-3D-ES还提供了许多独特的优势，并具有临床应用和推广价值。
