Abstract：
The cholinergic system plays a key role in motor function, but whether pharmacological modulation of cholinergic activity affects motor sequence learning is unknown. The acetylcholine receptor antagonist biperiden, an established treatment in movement disorders, reduces attentional modulation, but whether it influences motor sequence learning is not clear. Using a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, we tested 30 healthy young participants and showed that biperiden impairs the ability to learn sequential finger movements, accompanied by widespread oscillatory broadband power changes (4-25 Hz) in the motor sequence learning network after receiving biperiden, with greater power in the theta, alpha and beta bands over ipsilateral motor and bilateral parietal-occipital areas. The reduced early theta power during a repeated compared with random sequence, likely reflecting disengagement of top-down attention to sensory processes, was disrupted by biperiden. Alpha synchronization during repeated sequences reflects sensory gating and lower visuospatial attention requirements compared with visuomotor responses to random sequences. After biperiden, alpha synchronization was greater, potentially reflecting excessive visuospatial attention reduction, affecting visuomotor responding required to enable sequence learning. Beta oscillations facilitate sequence learning by integrating visual and somatosensory inputs, stabilizing repeated sequences and promoting prediction of the next stimulus. The beta synchronization after biperiden fits with a disruption of the selective visuospatial attention enhancement associated with initial sequence learning. These findings highlight the role of cholinergic processes in motor sequence learning.
摘要：
胆碱能系统在运动功能中起着关键作用，但是胆碱能活性的药理调节是否会影响运动序列学习是未知的。乙酰胆碱受体拮抗剂Biperiden,运动障碍的既定治疗方法，减少注意力调制，但是它是否影响运动序列学习尚不清楚。使用随机的，双盲安慰剂对照交叉设计，我们测试了30名健康的年轻参与者，发现Biperiden削弱了学习连续手指运动的能力，伴随着广泛的振荡宽带功率变化（4-25Hz）在电机序列学习网络接收后，在θ上有更大的能量，同侧运动区和双侧顶枕区的α和β带。与随机序列相比，重复期间早期θ功率降低，可能反映了自上而下对感官过程的注意力的脱离，被Biperiden破坏了.与对随机序列的视觉运动响应相比，重复序列中的Alpha同步反映了感觉门控和较低的视觉空间注意力要求。在Biperiden之后,阿尔法同步更大，可能反映出过度的视觉空间注意力减少，影响实现序列学习所需的视觉运动响应。β振荡通过整合视觉和体感输入来促进序列学习，稳定重复序列，促进对下一个刺激的预测。Biperiden之后的β同步符合与初始序列学习相关的选择性视觉空间注意力增强的中断。这些发现强调了胆碱能过程在运动序列学习中的作用。
