Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: We compared the diameter of the jugular foramen (JF) between normal individuals and those with a diagnosis of craniovertebral junction abnormalities, such as Chiari malformation type I (CMI) and/or basilar invagination (BI).
METHODS: This cross-sectional analytical study measured the diameter of the right and left JF on magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients divided into 4 groups: 68 with combined CMI and BI (CMI+BI), 42 with isolated BI, 45 with isolated CMI, and 102 control cases. The t test determined sex differences, and univariate analysis of variance with Tukey\'s post hoc test assessed JF differences between groups.
RESULTS: Considering all combinations of laterality and sex, the CMI+BI group had a JF narrower than their respective control groups. The JF was bilaterally narrower in the BI group than in the control group only in the women. Regardless of laterality, the CMI group had a wider JF than did the CMI+BI group in men and did not differ from that of the control group. In the female patients with CMI, the right JF did not differ from that of the controls and was wider than that in the CMI+BI group. Also, the left JF was narrower than that in the control group and did not differ from that in the CMI+BI group.
CONCLUSIONS: JF narrowing is associated with CMI and BI when combined in the same patient. When CMI or BI are detected separately, they do not imply evident changes in JF morphometry. It is expected that these findings could bring empiric substrate to support theories that claim a possible role of intracranial pressure disturbances as a triggering factor for CMI.
METHODS: This cross-sectional analytical study measured the diameter of the right and left JF on magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients divided into 4 groups: 68 with combined CMI and BI (CMI+BI), 42 with isolated BI, 45 with isolated CMI, and 102 control cases. The t test determined sex differences, and univariate analysis of variance with Tukey\'s post hoc test assessed JF differences between groups.
RESULTS: Considering all combinations of laterality and sex, the CMI+BI group had a JF narrower than their respective control groups. The JF was bilaterally narrower in the BI group than in the control group only in the women. Regardless of laterality, the CMI group had a wider JF than did the CMI+BI group in men and did not differ from that of the control group. In the female patients with CMI, the right JF did not differ from that of the controls and was wider than that in the CMI+BI group. Also, the left JF was narrower than that in the control group and did not differ from that in the CMI+BI group.
CONCLUSIONS: JF narrowing is associated with CMI and BI when combined in the same patient. When CMI or BI are detected separately, they do not imply evident changes in JF morphometry. It is expected that these findings could bring empiric substrate to support theories that claim a possible role of intracranial pressure disturbances as a triggering factor for CMI.
摘要：
目的：比较正常人和诊断为颅骨交界处异常的颈静脉孔（JF）的直径，例如Chiari畸形I型（CMI）和/或基底内陷（BI）。
方法：这项横断面分析研究测量了患者磁共振成像中右侧和左侧JF的直径，这些患者分为四组：68例合并CMI和BI（CMIBI），42与孤立的BI，45与分离的CMI，和102个对照病例。t检验确定性别差异，而单变量方差分析与Tukey的事后检验评估了组间的JF差异。
结果：考虑到所有侧向性和性别的组合，CMI+BI的JF比它们各自的对照更窄。JF在BI方面比对照的两侧更窄，只有女性。不管横向，男性CMI的JF比CMI+BI宽，它与控件没有区别。在CMI的女性中，正确的JF与控件没有区别，它比CMI+BI宽；而左JF比对照窄，它与CMI+BI没有区别。
结论：当在同一患者中发现CMI和BI合并时，JF狭窄与CMI和BI相关。当分别检测到CMI或BI时，它们并不意味着JF形态测量的明显变化。预计这些发现可能会带来经验性的基础，以支持声称颅内压紊乱可能作为CMI触发因素的理论。
方法：这项横断面分析研究测量了患者磁共振成像中右侧和左侧JF的直径，这些患者分为四组：68例合并CMI和BI（CMIBI），42与孤立的BI，45与分离的CMI，和102个对照病例。t检验确定性别差异，而单变量方差分析与Tukey的事后检验评估了组间的JF差异。
结果：考虑到所有侧向性和性别的组合，CMI+BI的JF比它们各自的对照更窄。JF在BI方面比对照的两侧更窄，只有女性。不管横向，男性CMI的JF比CMI+BI宽，它与控件没有区别。在CMI的女性中，正确的JF与控件没有区别，它比CMI+BI宽；而左JF比对照窄，它与CMI+BI没有区别。
结论：当在同一患者中发现CMI和BI合并时，JF狭窄与CMI和BI相关。当分别检测到CMI或BI时，它们并不意味着JF形态测量的明显变化。预计这些发现可能会带来经验性的基础，以支持声称颅内压紊乱可能作为CMI触发因素的理论。
