PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Human toxocariasis (HT) is a widespread zoonotic infection globally, notably prevalent in tropical areas. Enhancing our understanding of toxocariasis can lead to increased attention towards the socioeconomic impact and control of this neglected zoonosis. We conducted a comprehensive review of all available articles and official documents on toxocariasis in Iran to identify research gaps and critical needs for its control. This review highlights that despite numerous studies exploring various aspects of toxocariasis in definitive and paratenic hosts, as well as humans and environmental contamination, significant data deficiencies and gaps persist across different regions in the country. These gaps involve investigating the worm burden and reinfection rates in definitive hosts, developing more sensitive methods to detect and differentiate of Toxocara species, and understanding the behavior of definitive host animals. Additionally, identifying potential paratenic hosts for HT and exploring the organ-specific affinity and survival duration of Toxocara larvae within these hosts are essential areas for exploration. It\'s also imperative to comprehend the sylvatic and domestic cycles of the parasite in paratenic hosts. Furthermore, assessing egg density in the environment, exploring potential new sources such as water, and identifying regions with optimal climatic conditions for the survival and development of Toxocara eggs are crucial for the formulation of effective prevention and control strategies. Identifying at-risk groups, developing early diagnosis techniques, employing imaging methods, and identifying long-term complications in humans are also crucial. Community health organizations should prioritize health education for the public and professionals. Furthermore, accurately estimating definitive host populations, monitoring and preventing their movements in public places, implementing regular deworming practices for pets and stray hosts, and recognizing the infection\'s significance as a health priority are critical. This comprehensive understanding advocates for a holistic \"one health\" approach to control of HT.
摘要：
人类弓形虫病（HT）是全球范围内广泛存在的人畜共患传染病，特别是在热带地区流行。增强我们对弓形虫病的了解可以引起人们对这种被忽视的人畜共患病的社会经济影响和控制的更多关注。我们对有关伊朗弓形虫病的所有可用文章和官方文件进行了全面审查，以确定研究差距和控制其关键需求。这篇综述强调，尽管有许多研究探索了确定性和性腺宿主中弓形虫病的各个方面，以及人类和环境污染，该国不同地区仍然存在显著的数据缺陷和差距。这些差距涉及调查确定宿主的蠕虫负担和再感染率，开发更灵敏的方法来检测和区分弓形虫物种，并了解确定宿主动物的行为。此外,确定HT的潜在paratenic宿主并探索这些宿主中弓形虫幼虫的器官特异性亲和力和存活时间是探索的重要领域。还必须理解寄生虫在副科宿主中的sylvatic和domestic周期。此外，评估环境中的鸡蛋密度，探索潜在的新来源，如水，和确定具有弓形虫卵生存和发育的最佳气候条件的区域对于制定有效的预防和控制策略至关重要。确定风险群体，发展早期诊断技术，采用成像方法，识别人类的长期并发症也至关重要。社区卫生组织应优先对公众和专业人员进行健康教育。此外，准确估计确定的宿主种群，监视和防止他们在公共场所的活动，对宠物和流浪寄主实施定期驱虫做法，认识到感染作为健康优先事项的重要性至关重要。这种全面的理解倡导了一种整体的“一种健康”方法来控制HT。
