PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Youth (those aged <18 years) parental death has been associated with negative health outcomes. Understanding the burden of parental death due to drug poisoning (herein, drugs) and firearms is essential for informing interventions.
To estimate the incidence of youth parental death due to drugs, firearms, and all other causes.
This cross-sectional observational study was conducted using vital registration, including all US decedents, and census data from January 1990 through December 2020. Data were analyzed from May 30, 2023, to March 28, 2024.
Parental death due to drug poisoning or firearms.
A demographic matrix projection model was used to estimate the number and incidence of youth experiencing parental death, defined as the death of 1 or more parents, per 1000 population aged less than 18 years. Analyses evaluated parental deaths by drugs, firearms, and all other causes from 1999 through 2020 by race and ethnicity.
Between 1999 and 2020, there were 931 785 drug poisoning deaths and 736 779 firearm-related deaths with a mean (SD) age of 42.6 (16.3) years. Most deaths occurred among males (73.8%) and White decedents (70.8%) followed by Black (17.5%) and Hispanic (9.5%) decedents. An estimated 759 000 (95% CI, 722 000-800 000) youth experienced parental death due to drugs and an estimated 434 000 (95% CI, 409 000-460 000) youth experienced parental death due to firearms, accounting for 17% of all parental deaths. From 1999 to 2020, the estimated number of youth who experienced parental death increased 345% (95% CI, 334%-361%) due to drugs and 39% (95% CI, 37%-41%) due to firearms compared with 24% (95% CI, 23%-25%) due to all other causes. Black youth experienced a disproportionate burden of parental deaths, based primarily on firearm deaths among fathers. In 2020, drugs and firearms accounted for 23% of all parental deaths, double the proportion in 1999 (12%).
Results of this modeling study suggest that US youth are at high and increasing risk of experiencing parental death by drugs or firearms. Efforts to stem this problem should prioritize averting drug overdoses and firearm violence, especially among structurally marginalized groups.
To estimate the incidence of youth parental death due to drugs, firearms, and all other causes.
This cross-sectional observational study was conducted using vital registration, including all US decedents, and census data from January 1990 through December 2020. Data were analyzed from May 30, 2023, to March 28, 2024.
Parental death due to drug poisoning or firearms.
A demographic matrix projection model was used to estimate the number and incidence of youth experiencing parental death, defined as the death of 1 or more parents, per 1000 population aged less than 18 years. Analyses evaluated parental deaths by drugs, firearms, and all other causes from 1999 through 2020 by race and ethnicity.
Between 1999 and 2020, there were 931 785 drug poisoning deaths and 736 779 firearm-related deaths with a mean (SD) age of 42.6 (16.3) years. Most deaths occurred among males (73.8%) and White decedents (70.8%) followed by Black (17.5%) and Hispanic (9.5%) decedents. An estimated 759 000 (95% CI, 722 000-800 000) youth experienced parental death due to drugs and an estimated 434 000 (95% CI, 409 000-460 000) youth experienced parental death due to firearms, accounting for 17% of all parental deaths. From 1999 to 2020, the estimated number of youth who experienced parental death increased 345% (95% CI, 334%-361%) due to drugs and 39% (95% CI, 37%-41%) due to firearms compared with 24% (95% CI, 23%-25%) due to all other causes. Black youth experienced a disproportionate burden of parental deaths, based primarily on firearm deaths among fathers. In 2020, drugs and firearms accounted for 23% of all parental deaths, double the proportion in 1999 (12%).
Results of this modeling study suggest that US youth are at high and increasing risk of experiencing parental death by drugs or firearms. Efforts to stem this problem should prioritize averting drug overdoses and firearm violence, especially among structurally marginalized groups.
摘要：
■青少年（年龄<18岁）父母死亡与负面健康结果有关。了解父母因药物中毒而死亡的负担(在此，毒品)和枪支对于告知干预措施至关重要。
■为了估计青少年父母因毒品死亡的发生率，火器,和所有其他原因。
■这项横断面观察研究是使用生命记录进行的，包括所有美国死者，和1990年1月至2020年12月的人口普查数据。数据从2023年5月30日至2024年3月28日进行了分析。
■父母因药物中毒或枪支而死亡。
■使用人口统计矩阵预测模型来估计经历父母死亡的年轻人的数量和发生率，定义为一个或多个父母的死亡，每1000名18岁以下的人口。分析评估父母因药物死亡，火器,以及从1999年到2020年的所有其他原因，按种族和族裔划分。
■在1999年至2020年之间，有931785例药物中毒死亡和736779例枪支相关死亡，平均（SD）年龄为42.6（16.3）岁。大多数死亡发生在男性（73.8％）和白人（70.8％）中，其次是黑人（17.5％）和西班牙裔（9.5％）。估计有759000（95％CI，722000-800000）青年因吸毒而死于父母，估计有434000（95％CI，409000-460000）青年因枪支而死于父母，占所有父母死亡的17%。从1999年到2020年，由于毒品而经历父母死亡的青年人数估计增加了345％（95％CI，334％-361％），由于枪支而增加了39％（95％CI，37％-41％），而由于所有其他原因而增加了24％（95％CI，23％-25％）。黑人青年经历了不成比例的父母死亡负担，主要基于父亲的枪支死亡。2020年，毒品和枪支占父母死亡总数的23%。这一比例是1999年的两倍(12%)。
■这项建模研究的结果表明，美国青少年父母因毒品或枪支而死亡的风险很高，而且越来越高。遏制这一问题的努力应优先考虑避免药物过量和枪支暴力，特别是结构边缘化群体。
■为了估计青少年父母因毒品死亡的发生率，火器,和所有其他原因。
■这项横断面观察研究是使用生命记录进行的，包括所有美国死者，和1990年1月至2020年12月的人口普查数据。数据从2023年5月30日至2024年3月28日进行了分析。
■父母因药物中毒或枪支而死亡。
■使用人口统计矩阵预测模型来估计经历父母死亡的年轻人的数量和发生率，定义为一个或多个父母的死亡，每1000名18岁以下的人口。分析评估父母因药物死亡，火器,以及从1999年到2020年的所有其他原因，按种族和族裔划分。
■在1999年至2020年之间，有931785例药物中毒死亡和736779例枪支相关死亡，平均（SD）年龄为42.6（16.3）岁。大多数死亡发生在男性（73.8％）和白人（70.8％）中，其次是黑人（17.5％）和西班牙裔（9.5％）。估计有759000（95％CI，722000-800000）青年因吸毒而死于父母，估计有434000（95％CI，409000-460000）青年因枪支而死于父母，占所有父母死亡的17%。从1999年到2020年，由于毒品而经历父母死亡的青年人数估计增加了345％（95％CI，334％-361％），由于枪支而增加了39％（95％CI，37％-41％），而由于所有其他原因而增加了24％（95％CI，23％-25％）。黑人青年经历了不成比例的父母死亡负担，主要基于父亲的枪支死亡。2020年，毒品和枪支占父母死亡总数的23%。这一比例是1999年的两倍(12%)。
■这项建模研究的结果表明，美国青少年父母因毒品或枪支而死亡的风险很高，而且越来越高。遏制这一问题的努力应优先考虑避免药物过量和枪支暴力，特别是结构边缘化群体。
