PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
While consciousness is typically considered equivalent to mental contents, certain meditation practices-including open monitoring (OM)-are said to enable a unique conscious state where meditators can experience mental content from a de-reified perspective as \"ongoing phenomena.\" Phenomenologically, such a state is considered as reduction of intentionality, the mental act upon mental content. We hypothesised that this de-reified state would be characterised by reduced mental actional processing of affording objects. We recruited two groups of participants, meditators with long-term experience in cultivating a de-reified state, and demographically-matched novice meditators. Participants performed a task with images in two configurations-where objects did (high-affordance) and did not imply actions (low-affordance)-following both a baseline and OM-induced de-reified state, along with EEG recordings. While long-term meditators exhibited preferential processing of high-affordance images compared to low-affordance images during baseline, such an effect was abolished during the OM state, as hypothesised. For novices, however, the high-affordance configuration was preferred over the low-affordance one both during baseline and OM. Perceptual durations of objects across conditions positively correlated with the degree of µ-rhythm desynchronization, indicating that neural processing of affordance impacted perceptual awareness. Our results indicate that OM styles of meditation may help in mentally decoupling otherwise automatic cognitive processing of mental actions by affording objects.
摘要：
虽然意识通常被认为等同于心理内容，某些冥想实践-包括开放监测（OM）-被认为可以实现独特的意识状态，在这种状态下，冥想者可以从去化的角度将心理内容体验为“正在进行的现象”。\"现象学上，这种状态被认为是故意减少，对心理内容的心理行为。我们假设这种去中心化状态的特征是提供对象的心理处理减少。我们招募了两组参与者，有长期培养脱实状态经验的冥想者，和人口统计学上匹配的新手冥想者。参与者在两种配置中使用图像执行任务-对象确实存在（高负担感），并且不暗示动作（低负担感）-遵循基线和OM诱导的去量化状态，以及脑电图记录。与基线期间的低示能图像相比，长期冥想者对高示能图像表现出优先处理，这种影响在OM状态下被废除了，如假设。对于新手来说,然而,在基线和OM期间,高示能表示配置优于低示能表示配置.物体在不同条件下的感知持续时间与µ节律去同步的程度呈正相关，表明供能的神经处理影响了知觉意识。我们的结果表明，OM的冥想风格可能有助于通过提供物体来使心理动作的自动认知过程在精神上解耦。
