Abstract：
Demand for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exceeds supply. Large-scale studies on effects of season and geography of n-3 PUFAs in marine fish from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean (NEAO) may be used to optimize utilization and improve nutrition security. Using a sinusoid model, seasonal cycles of n-3 PUFAs were determined and found to be species-specific and clearly pronounced for the pelagic zooplankton feeding species. The Greenland halibut showed very little seasonal variation. The n-3 PUFA content in North Sea autumn-spawning (NSAS) herring peaked in summer, while Norwegian spring-spawning (NSS) herring and mackerel had their peak in autumn. A time shift of peaks in n-3 PUFAs between the two herring stocks was detected, likely due to different spawning strategies in addition to a delay of n-3 PUFAs flux in the northern regions of the NEAO. This study demonstrates that consideration of nutrient contents, such as n-3 PUFAs, when organizing and structuring fishery approaches may improve overall nutritional yield. Based on total annual Norwegian fish landings and seasonal variation in n-3 PUFA contents, n-3 PUFAs yield could theoretically be increased from 13.79 kilo ton per year from the current fishing tactics, to 15.54 if the pelagic species were only caught during the time of their seasonal n-3 PUFA peaks. Pelagic fish is a good source for dietary n-3 PUFAs, but harvest timing will also influence n-3 PUFAs intake by human consumers. One portion of fatty fish harvested during winter/spring may not meet the weekly intake reference nutritional guidelines for n-3 PUFAs. Marine n-3 PUFAs yields also varied geographically and decreased southwards, with the lowest values in Skagerrak. This study can serve as a model to understand patterns of reproductive cycles and geographical distribution of n-3 PUFAs in fatty fish from the NEAO and the novel approach may be useful to support sustainable, seasonal fishing programmes for optimization of n-3 PUFAs yields.
摘要：
对n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3PUFA)的需求超过供应。对东北大西洋（NEAO）海鱼中n-3PUFA的季节和地理影响的大规模研究可用于优化利用并提高营养安全性。使用正弦曲线模型，确定了n-3PUFA的季节性周期，并发现其具有物种特异性，并且对于中上层浮游动物的摄食物种明显明显。格陵兰比目鱼的季节性变化很小。北海秋季产卵（NSAS）鲱鱼中的n-3PUFA含量在夏季达到峰值，而挪威春季产卵（NSS）鲱鱼和鲭鱼在秋天达到顶峰。检测到两种鲱鱼种群之间n-3PUFA峰值的时间偏移，可能是由于除了NEAO北部地区n-3PUFA通量的延迟之外，产卵策略也不同。这项研究表明，考虑到营养成分，例如n-3PUFA，当组织和结构化渔业方法可以提高整体营养产量。根据挪威年度鱼类总登陆量和n-3PUFA含量的季节性变化，n-3PUFA的产量理论上可以从目前的捕捞策略提高到每年13.79公斤，如果仅在季节性n-3PUFA高峰期间捕获中上层物种，则为15.54。在冬季/春季收获的一部分脂肪鱼可能不符合n-3PUFA的每周摄入量参考营养指南。海洋n-3PUFA的浓度也在地理上变化，向南下降，Skagerrak中的最低值。这项研究可以作为一个模型，以了解来自NEAO的脂肪鱼中n-3PUFA的繁殖周期和地理分布的模式，这种新颖的方法可能有助于支持可持续发展，优化n-3PUFA产量的季节性捕捞计划。
