PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Extremophiles and their products have been a major focus of research interest for over 40 years. Through this period, studies of these organisms have contributed hugely to many aspects of the fundamental and applied sciences, and to wider and more philosophical issues such as the origins of life and astrobiology. Our understanding of the cellular adaptations to extreme conditions (such as acid, temperature, pressure and more), of the mechanisms underpinning the stability of macromolecules, and of the subtleties, complexities and limits of fundamental biochemical processes has been informed by research on extremophiles. Extremophiles have also contributed numerous products and processes to the many fields of biotechnology, from diagnostics to bioremediation. Yet, after 40 years of dedicated research, there remains much to be discovered in this field. Fortunately, extremophiles remain an active and vibrant area of research. In the third decade of the twenty-first century, with decreasing global resources and a steadily increasing human population, the world\'s attention has turned with increasing urgency to issues of sustainability. These global concerns were encapsulated and formalized by the United Nations with the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the presentation of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015. In the run-up to 2030, we consider the contributions that extremophiles have made, and will in the future make, to the SDGs.
摘要：
40多年来，极端微生物及其产品一直是研究兴趣的主要焦点。在此期间,对这些生物的研究对基础科学和应用科学的许多方面做出了巨大贡献，以及更广泛和更哲学的问题，如生命和天体生物学的起源。我们对细胞适应极端条件(如酸，温度,压力和更多)，支撑大分子稳定性的机制，和微妙之处，对极端微生物的研究已经了解了基本生化过程的复杂性和局限性。极端微生物还为生物技术的许多领域贡献了许多产品和工艺，从诊断到生物修复。然而，经过40年的专注研究，在这个领域还有很多有待发现。幸运的是,极端微生物仍然是一个活跃和充满活力的研究领域。在二十一世纪的第三个十年，随着全球资源的减少和人口的稳步增长，世界的注意力越来越紧迫地转向可持续性问题。联合国通过了《2030年可持续发展议程》，并在2015年提出了十七个可持续发展目标（SDGs），将这些全球关切归纳起来。在2030年之前，我们考虑极端微生物所做的贡献，并将在未来，SDG。
