PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Phenolamides are important secondary metabolites in plant species. They play important roles in plant defense responses against pathogens and insect herbivores, protection against UV irradiation and floral induction and development. However, the accumulation and variation in phenolamides content in diverse maize lines and the genes responsible for their biosynthesis remain largely unknown. Here, we combined genetic mapping, protein regulatory network and bioinformatics analysis to further enhance the understanding of maize phenolamides biosynthesis. Sixteen phenolamides were identified in multiple populations, and they were all significantly correlated with one or several of 19 phenotypic traits. By linkage mapping, 58, 58, 39 and 67 QTLs, with an average of 3.9, 3.6, 3.6 and 4.2 QTLs for each trait were mapped in BBE1, BBE2, ZYE1 and ZYE2, explaining 9.47%, 10.78%, 9.51% and 11.40% phenotypic variation for each QTL on average, respectively. By GWAS, 39 and 36 significant loci were detected in two different environments, 3.3 and 2.8 loci for each trait, explaining 10.00% and 9.97% phenotypic variation for each locus on average, respectively. Totally, 58 unique candidate genes were identified, 31% of them encoding enzymes involved in amine and derivative metabolic processes. Gene Ontology term analysis of the 358 protein-protein interrelated genes revealed significant enrichment in terms relating to cellular nitrogen metabolism, amine metabolism. GRMZM2G066142, GRMZM2G066049, GRMZM2G165390 and GRMZM2G159587 were further validated involvement in phenolamides biosynthesis. Our results provide insights into the genetic basis of phenolamides biosynthesis in maize kernels, understanding phenolamides biosynthesis and its nutritional content and ability to withstand biotic and abiotic stress.
摘要：
酚酰胺是植物中重要的次生代谢产物。它们在植物对病原体和昆虫食草动物的防御反应中起重要作用，防止紫外线照射和花卉诱导和发展。然而,不同玉米品系中酚酰胺含量的积累和变化以及负责其生物合成的基因仍然未知。这里,我们结合了基因图谱，蛋白质调控网络和生物信息学分析,进一步增强对玉米酚酰胺生物合成的认识。在多个种群中鉴定出16种酚酰胺，它们都与19个表型性状中的一个或几个显著相关。通过链接映射，58、58、39和67个QTL，在BBE1，BBE2，ZYE1和ZYE2中，每个性状的QTL平均为3.9、3.6、3.6和4.2，解释了9.47％，10.78%,每个QTL的平均表型变异为9.51%和11.40%，分别。通过GWAS,在两种不同的环境中检测到39和36个显著位点，每个性状的3.3和2.8个基因座，解释每个基因座平均10.00%和9.97%的表型变异，分别。完全正确,确定了58个独特的候选基因，31%的它们编码酶参与胺和衍生物的代谢过程。对358个蛋白质-蛋白质相关基因的基因本体论术语分析揭示了与细胞氮代谢有关的显着富集，胺代谢。GRMZM2G066142，GRMZM2G066049，GRMZM2G165390和GRMZM2G159587进一步验证了其在酚胺类生物合成中的参与。我们的结果提供了对玉米粒中酚酰胺生物合成的遗传基础的见解，了解酚酰胺的生物合成及其营养成分和抵抗生物和非生物胁迫的能力。
