PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This study aimed to evaluate how the combined presence of the synthetic fungicide azoxystrobin (AZ) and the biosurfactant-producing Bacillus sp. Kol B3 influences the growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium sambucinum IM 6525. The results showed a noticeable increase in antifungal effectiveness when biotic and abiotic agents were combined. This effect manifested across diverse parameters, including fungal growth inhibition, changes in hyphae morphology, fungal membrane permeability and levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In response to the presence of Fusarium and AZ in the culture, the bacteria changed the proportions of biosurfactants (surfactin and iturin) produced. The presence of both AZ and/or Fusarium resulted in an increase in iturin biosynthesis. Only in 72 h old bacterial-fungal co-culture a 20% removal of AZ was noted. In the fungal cultures (with and without the addition of the bacteria), the presence of an AZ metabolite named azoxystrobin free acid was detected in the 48th and 72nd hours of the process. The possible involvement of increased iturin and ROS content in antifungal activity of Bacillus sp. and AZ when used together are also discussed. Biosurfactants were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Microscopy techniques and biochemical assays were also used.
摘要：
这项研究旨在评估合成杀真菌剂唑菌酯（AZ）和产生生物表面活性剂的芽孢杆菌的联合存在。KolB3影响植物病原真菌sambucinumIM6525的生长。结果表明，当结合使用生物和非生物药物时，抗真菌效果显着提高。这种影响表现在不同的参数上，包括真菌生长抑制,菌丝形态的变化，真菌膜通透性和细胞内活性氧（ROS）的水平。为了响应培养物中镰刀菌和AZ的存在，这种细菌改变了产生的生物表面活性剂（表面活性素和iturin）的比例。AZ和/或镰刀菌的存在导致iturin生物合成增加。仅在72小时的老细菌-真菌共培养中,注意到20%的AZ去除。在真菌培养物中（添加和不添加细菌），在该过程的第48小时和第72小时检测到AZ代谢物的存在，称为唑菌酯游离酸。iturin和ROS含量增加可能参与芽孢杆菌的抗真菌活性。和AZ一起使用时也进行了讨论。通过液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析生物表面活性剂。还使用显微镜技术和生化测定。
