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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Violence has had adverse effects on the physical and psychological dimensions of pregnant women. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship of domestic violence with pregnancy symptoms and pregnancy experience.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, pregnant women were selected through two-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the domestic violence questionnaire of the WHO, pregnancy symptoms inventory (PSI) and pregnancy experience scale (PES). To determine the relationship between domestic violence with pregnancy symptoms and pregnancy experience, adjusted general linear model was used in multivariate analysis.
METHODS: Health centres in Urmia-Iran in 2022.
METHODS: 415 pregnant women.
RESULTS: The frequency of emotional, physical and sexual violence was 86.0%, 67.7% and 79.5%, respectively. The mean (SD) of PSI was 49.45 (14.38) with attainable score of 0-123 and PES including happiness and worry was 14.32 (6.48) and 16.21 (2.51) with attainable score of 0-30, respectively. Based on the adjusted general linear model, the mean score of PSI in women who experienced physical violence (mild (p<0.001) and moderate (p<0.001)); sexual violence (mild (p<0.001), moderate (p<0.001) and severe (p<0.001)); and emotional violence (mild (p<0.001), moderate (p=0.002) and severe (p<0.001)) was significantly higher than women without experiencing violence. The mean score of happiness during pregnancy in women who experienced physical violence (moderate (p=0.011)) and emotional violence (mild (p<0.001), moderate (p=0.002) and severe (p<0.001)) was significantly lower than women without experience of violence. Also, the mean score of worry scores in women with experience of sexual violence (mild (p=0.001) and moderate (p=0.012)) and emotional violence (mild (p<0.001), moderate (p<0.001)) and severe (p<0.001)) was significantly higher than women without experiencing violence.
CONCLUSIONS: Considering the relationship between violence and pregnancy symptoms and pregnancy experiences, it is necessary to use appropriate strategies to prevent violence in pregnant women.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, pregnant women were selected through two-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the domestic violence questionnaire of the WHO, pregnancy symptoms inventory (PSI) and pregnancy experience scale (PES). To determine the relationship between domestic violence with pregnancy symptoms and pregnancy experience, adjusted general linear model was used in multivariate analysis.
METHODS: Health centres in Urmia-Iran in 2022.
METHODS: 415 pregnant women.
RESULTS: The frequency of emotional, physical and sexual violence was 86.0%, 67.7% and 79.5%, respectively. The mean (SD) of PSI was 49.45 (14.38) with attainable score of 0-123 and PES including happiness and worry was 14.32 (6.48) and 16.21 (2.51) with attainable score of 0-30, respectively. Based on the adjusted general linear model, the mean score of PSI in women who experienced physical violence (mild (p<0.001) and moderate (p<0.001)); sexual violence (mild (p<0.001), moderate (p<0.001) and severe (p<0.001)); and emotional violence (mild (p<0.001), moderate (p=0.002) and severe (p<0.001)) was significantly higher than women without experiencing violence. The mean score of happiness during pregnancy in women who experienced physical violence (moderate (p=0.011)) and emotional violence (mild (p<0.001), moderate (p=0.002) and severe (p<0.001)) was significantly lower than women without experience of violence. Also, the mean score of worry scores in women with experience of sexual violence (mild (p=0.001) and moderate (p=0.012)) and emotional violence (mild (p<0.001), moderate (p<0.001)) and severe (p<0.001)) was significantly higher than women without experiencing violence.
CONCLUSIONS: Considering the relationship between violence and pregnancy symptoms and pregnancy experiences, it is necessary to use appropriate strategies to prevent violence in pregnant women.
摘要：
目的：暴力对孕妇的生理和心理产生了不良影响。进行这项研究的目的是确定家庭暴力与怀孕症状和怀孕经历的关系。
方法：在这项横断面研究中，采用两阶段整群抽样的方法选取孕妇。使用世界卫生组织的家庭暴力问卷收集数据，妊娠症状量表(PSI)和妊娠经历量表(PES)。确定家庭暴力与怀孕症状和怀孕经历之间的关系，多变量分析采用调整后的一般线性模型。
方法：2022年伊朗乌尔米亚的卫生中心。
方法：415名孕妇。
结果：情绪的频率，身体和性暴力占86.0%，67.7%和79.5%，分别。PSI的平均值（SD）为49.45（14.38），可达到得分为0-123，包括快乐和担心的PES分别为14.32（6.48）和16.21（2.51），可达到得分为0-30。基于调整后的一般线性模型，经历过身体暴力（轻度（p<0.001）和中度（p<0.001））；性暴力（轻度（p<0.001），中度（p<0.001）和重度（p<0.001））；和情感暴力（轻度（p<0.001），中度(p=0.002)和重度(p<0.001)显著高于未经历暴力的女性。经历过身体暴力（中度（p=0.011））和情感暴力（轻度（p<0.001）的女性在怀孕期间的平均幸福感评分，中度(p=0.002)和重度(p<0.001)显著低于没有暴力经历的女性。此外，有性暴力经历（轻度（p=0.001）和中度（p=0.012））和情感暴力（轻度（p<0.001），中度(p<0.001))和重度(p<0.001)显著高于未经历暴力的女性。
结论：考虑到暴力与怀孕症状和怀孕经历之间的关系，有必要使用适当的策略来防止孕妇遭受暴力。
方法：在这项横断面研究中，采用两阶段整群抽样的方法选取孕妇。使用世界卫生组织的家庭暴力问卷收集数据，妊娠症状量表(PSI)和妊娠经历量表(PES)。确定家庭暴力与怀孕症状和怀孕经历之间的关系，多变量分析采用调整后的一般线性模型。
方法：2022年伊朗乌尔米亚的卫生中心。
方法：415名孕妇。
结果：情绪的频率，身体和性暴力占86.0%，67.7%和79.5%，分别。PSI的平均值（SD）为49.45（14.38），可达到得分为0-123，包括快乐和担心的PES分别为14.32（6.48）和16.21（2.51），可达到得分为0-30。基于调整后的一般线性模型，经历过身体暴力（轻度（p<0.001）和中度（p<0.001））；性暴力（轻度（p<0.001），中度（p<0.001）和重度（p<0.001））；和情感暴力（轻度（p<0.001），中度(p=0.002)和重度(p<0.001)显著高于未经历暴力的女性。经历过身体暴力（中度（p=0.011））和情感暴力（轻度（p<0.001）的女性在怀孕期间的平均幸福感评分，中度(p=0.002)和重度(p<0.001)显著低于没有暴力经历的女性。此外，有性暴力经历（轻度（p=0.001）和中度（p=0.012））和情感暴力（轻度（p<0.001），中度(p<0.001))和重度(p<0.001)显著高于未经历暴力的女性。
结论：考虑到暴力与怀孕症状和怀孕经历之间的关系，有必要使用适当的策略来防止孕妇遭受暴力。
