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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Discrimination and sexual harassment are prevalent in higher education institutions and can affect students, faculty members and employees. Herein the aim was to assess the extent of discriminatory experiences and sexual harassment of students and lecturers at one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe. We analyze whether there are differences between lecturers and students, different study programs as well as sex/gender differences.
METHODS: In an interdisciplinary, iterative process, a semi-standardized questionnaire was developed and sent to N = 7095 students (S) of all study programs and N = 2528 lecturers (L) at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. The study was conducted from November 2018 to February 2019. Besides a broad range of questions on sociodemographic background allowing for diversity sensitive data analysis, they were asked if they had witnessed and/or experienced any form of discrimination or sexual harassment at the medical faculty, if yes, how often, the perceived reasons, situational factors and perpetrators.
RESULTS: The response rate was 14% (n = 964) for students and 11% (n = 275) for lecturers. A proportion of 49.6% of students (L: 31%) reported that they have witnessed and/or experienced discriminatory behavior. Sexual harassment was witnessed and/or experienced by 23.6% of students (L: 19.2%). Lecturers (85.9%) were identified as the main source of discriminatory behavior by students. Directors/supervisors (47.4%) were stated as the main source of discriminatory behavior by lecturers. As the most frequent perceived reason for discriminatory experiences sex/gender (S: 71%; L: 60.3%) was reported. Women and dental students experienced more discriminatory behavior and sexual harassment.
CONCLUSIONS: Discriminatory behavior is experienced by a significant number of students and lecturers, with power structures having a relevant impact. Dental students and women appear to be particularly exposed. Specific institutional measures, such as training programs for lecturers and students are necessary to raise awareness and provide resources. Furthermore, national preventive strategies should be thoroughly implemented to fight discrimination and harassment at the workplace.
METHODS: In an interdisciplinary, iterative process, a semi-standardized questionnaire was developed and sent to N = 7095 students (S) of all study programs and N = 2528 lecturers (L) at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. The study was conducted from November 2018 to February 2019. Besides a broad range of questions on sociodemographic background allowing for diversity sensitive data analysis, they were asked if they had witnessed and/or experienced any form of discrimination or sexual harassment at the medical faculty, if yes, how often, the perceived reasons, situational factors and perpetrators.
RESULTS: The response rate was 14% (n = 964) for students and 11% (n = 275) for lecturers. A proportion of 49.6% of students (L: 31%) reported that they have witnessed and/or experienced discriminatory behavior. Sexual harassment was witnessed and/or experienced by 23.6% of students (L: 19.2%). Lecturers (85.9%) were identified as the main source of discriminatory behavior by students. Directors/supervisors (47.4%) were stated as the main source of discriminatory behavior by lecturers. As the most frequent perceived reason for discriminatory experiences sex/gender (S: 71%; L: 60.3%) was reported. Women and dental students experienced more discriminatory behavior and sexual harassment.
CONCLUSIONS: Discriminatory behavior is experienced by a significant number of students and lecturers, with power structures having a relevant impact. Dental students and women appear to be particularly exposed. Specific institutional measures, such as training programs for lecturers and students are necessary to raise awareness and provide resources. Furthermore, national preventive strategies should be thoroughly implemented to fight discrimination and harassment at the workplace.
摘要：
背景：歧视和性骚扰在高等教育机构中普遍存在，会影响学生，教职员工和员工。本文的目的是评估欧洲最大的教学医院之一的学生和讲师的歧视性经历和性骚扰的程度。我们分析讲师和学生之间是否存在差异，不同的研究项目以及性别/性别差异。
方法：在跨学科中，迭代过程，制定了半标准化问卷，并将其发送给柏林Charité-Universityätsmedizin的所有学习计划的N=7095名学生（S）和N=2528名讲师（L），德国。该研究于2018年11月至2019年2月进行。除了广泛的社会人口统计学背景问题，允许对多样性敏感的数据分析，他们被问及是否在医学院目睹和/或经历过任何形式的歧视或性骚扰，如果是,多久,感知的原因，情境因素和肇事者。
结果：学生的响应率为14％（n=964），讲师的响应率为11％（n=275）。49.6％的学生（L：31％）报告说他们目睹和/或经历过歧视行为。23.6%的学生目睹和/或经历过性骚扰(L:19.2%)。讲师（85.9％）被认为是学生歧视行为的主要来源。讲师指出，董事/监事（47.4％）是歧视行为的主要来源。据报道，作为歧视经历的最常见原因，性别/性别（S：71％；L：60.3％）。妇女和牙科学生经历了更多的歧视性行为和性骚扰。
结论：大量学生和讲师经历了歧视行为，权力结构具有相关影响。牙科学生和女性似乎特别暴露。具体的体制措施，例如针对讲师和学生的培训计划对于提高认识和提供资源是必要的。此外，应彻底实施国家预防战略，以打击工作场所的歧视和骚扰。
方法：在跨学科中，迭代过程，制定了半标准化问卷，并将其发送给柏林Charité-Universityätsmedizin的所有学习计划的N=7095名学生（S）和N=2528名讲师（L），德国。该研究于2018年11月至2019年2月进行。除了广泛的社会人口统计学背景问题，允许对多样性敏感的数据分析，他们被问及是否在医学院目睹和/或经历过任何形式的歧视或性骚扰，如果是,多久,感知的原因，情境因素和肇事者。
结果：学生的响应率为14％（n=964），讲师的响应率为11％（n=275）。49.6％的学生（L：31％）报告说他们目睹和/或经历过歧视行为。23.6%的学生目睹和/或经历过性骚扰(L:19.2%)。讲师（85.9％）被认为是学生歧视行为的主要来源。讲师指出，董事/监事（47.4％）是歧视行为的主要来源。据报道，作为歧视经历的最常见原因，性别/性别（S：71％；L：60.3％）。妇女和牙科学生经历了更多的歧视性行为和性骚扰。
结论：大量学生和讲师经历了歧视行为，权力结构具有相关影响。牙科学生和女性似乎特别暴露。具体的体制措施，例如针对讲师和学生的培训计划对于提高认识和提供资源是必要的。此外，应彻底实施国家预防战略，以打击工作场所的歧视和骚扰。
