PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Neurological soft signs (NSSs), minor physical anomalies (MPAs), and oculomotor abnormalities were plausible biomarkers in bipolar disorder (BD). However, specific impairments in these markers in patients after the first episode mania (FEM), in comparison with first-degree relatives (high risk [HR]) of BD and healthy subjects (health control [HC]) are sparse.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at examining NSSs, MPAs, and oculomotor abnormalities in remitted adult subjects following FEM and HR subjects in comparison with matched healthy controls. Investigated when taken together, could serve as composite endophenotype for BD.
METHODS: NSSs, MPAs, and oculomotor abnormalities were evaluated in FEM (n = 31), HR (n = 31), and HC (n = 30) subjects, matched for age (years) (p = 0.44) and sex (p = 0.70) using neurological evaluation scale, Waldrop\'s physical anomaly scale and eye tracking (SPEM) and antisaccades (AS) paradigms, respectively.
RESULTS: Significant differences were found between groups on NSSs, MPAs, and oculomotor parameters. Abnormalities are higher in FEM subjects compared to HR and HC subjects. Using linear discriminant analysis, all 3 markers combined accurately classified 72% of the original 82 subjects (79·2% BD, 56·70% HR, and 82·1% HC subjects).
CONCLUSIONS: AS and SPEM could enhance the utility of NSSs, and MPAs as markers for BD. The presence of these abnormalities in FEM suggests their role in understanding the etiopathogenesis of BD in patients who are in the early course of illness. These have the potential to be composite endophenotypes and have further utility in early identification in BD.
Eye movement abnormalities and Atypical Neurodevelopmental markers as Composite Measurable components in the pathway between disease manifestation and genetics in Bipolar I Disorder.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at examining NSSs, MPAs, and oculomotor abnormalities in remitted adult subjects following FEM and HR subjects in comparison with matched healthy controls. Investigated when taken together, could serve as composite endophenotype for BD.
METHODS: NSSs, MPAs, and oculomotor abnormalities were evaluated in FEM (n = 31), HR (n = 31), and HC (n = 30) subjects, matched for age (years) (p = 0.44) and sex (p = 0.70) using neurological evaluation scale, Waldrop\'s physical anomaly scale and eye tracking (SPEM) and antisaccades (AS) paradigms, respectively.
RESULTS: Significant differences were found between groups on NSSs, MPAs, and oculomotor parameters. Abnormalities are higher in FEM subjects compared to HR and HC subjects. Using linear discriminant analysis, all 3 markers combined accurately classified 72% of the original 82 subjects (79·2% BD, 56·70% HR, and 82·1% HC subjects).
CONCLUSIONS: AS and SPEM could enhance the utility of NSSs, and MPAs as markers for BD. The presence of these abnormalities in FEM suggests their role in understanding the etiopathogenesis of BD in patients who are in the early course of illness. These have the potential to be composite endophenotypes and have further utility in early identification in BD.
Eye movement abnormalities and Atypical Neurodevelopmental markers as Composite Measurable components in the pathway between disease manifestation and genetics in Bipolar I Disorder.
摘要：
背景：神经软体征（NSS），轻微的物理异常(MPA)，和动眼异常是双相情感障碍（BD）的合理生物标志物。然而,首次发作躁狂(FEM)后患者这些标志物的特异性损伤，与BD的一级亲属（高风险[HR]）和健康受试者（健康控制[HC]）相比，数量很少。
目的：本研究旨在检查NSS，MPA,与匹配的健康对照相比，FEM和HR受试者后缓解的成年受试者的动眼异常。一起调查时，可作为BD的复合内表型。
方法：NSS，MPA,和动眼异常在FEM中进行评估（n=31），HR（n=31），和HC(n=30)受试者，采用神经学评价量表进行年龄(岁)(p=0.44)和性别(p=0.70)匹配,Waldrop的物理异常尺度和眼动追踪(SPEM)和反扫视(AS)范例，分别。
结果：发现NSS组间存在显著差异，MPA,和动眼参数。与HR和HC受试者相比，FEM受试者的异常更高。使用线性判别分析，所有3种标记物组合准确分类了原始82名受试者的72%(79·2%BD，56·70%HR，和82·1%的HC受试者)。
结论：AS和SPEM可以提高NSS的效用，和MPA作为BD的标记。FEM中这些异常的存在表明它们在了解疾病早期患者BD的病因中的作用。这些有可能成为复合内表型，并在BD的早期鉴定中具有进一步的实用性。
眼球运动异常和非典型神经发育标志物作为双相I型无序语言摘要中疾病表现和遗传学之间途径的复合可测量成分。为什么要进行这项研究？神经软体征，轻微的身体异常,和眼球运动异常是已知的双相情感障碍的疾病制造者，但它们作为疾病表现和遗传学之间的中间标记的效用尚未被研究过。因此，我们采取了上述目的这项研究。研究人员做了什么？我们比较了诊断为首发躁狂症（被认为是早期双相情感障碍）的患者之间的上述生物标志物。高危人群（有躁郁症家族史的人），和健康的受试者（没有任何精神疾病的自我或家族史）。每组有30名参与者。我们想看看这些标记物是否可以预测这些群体或将受试者准确地分为三组。研究人员发现了什么？我们发现在所有的生物标志物中，三组之间存在显著的组差异。异常显示出一种模式，即与处于危险中的患者相比，首次发作躁狂症组的异常更高，与健康受试者相比，风险更高。当所有这些标记被组合并运行线性判别分析时，我们注意到他们准确地分类了72%的原始参与者(79·2%的首发双相性精神障碍56·70%的高风险，和82·1%健康受试者)。上述发现表明，眼球运动或眼球运动异常增强了神经发育标志物作为双相情感障碍生物标志物的效用。这些异常在疾病的早期出现也意味着它们在双相情感障碍的病因中起作用。所有标记加在一起可以是双相I型障碍的疾病表现和遗传学之间的途径中的复合可测量成分，因此有助于早期识别。
目的：本研究旨在检查NSS，MPA,与匹配的健康对照相比，FEM和HR受试者后缓解的成年受试者的动眼异常。一起调查时，可作为BD的复合内表型。
方法：NSS，MPA,和动眼异常在FEM中进行评估（n=31），HR（n=31），和HC(n=30)受试者，采用神经学评价量表进行年龄(岁)(p=0.44)和性别(p=0.70)匹配,Waldrop的物理异常尺度和眼动追踪(SPEM)和反扫视(AS)范例，分别。
结果：发现NSS组间存在显著差异，MPA,和动眼参数。与HR和HC受试者相比，FEM受试者的异常更高。使用线性判别分析，所有3种标记物组合准确分类了原始82名受试者的72%(79·2%BD，56·70%HR，和82·1%的HC受试者)。
结论：AS和SPEM可以提高NSS的效用，和MPA作为BD的标记。FEM中这些异常的存在表明它们在了解疾病早期患者BD的病因中的作用。这些有可能成为复合内表型，并在BD的早期鉴定中具有进一步的实用性。
眼球运动异常和非典型神经发育标志物作为双相I型无序语言摘要中疾病表现和遗传学之间途径的复合可测量成分。为什么要进行这项研究？神经软体征，轻微的身体异常,和眼球运动异常是已知的双相情感障碍的疾病制造者，但它们作为疾病表现和遗传学之间的中间标记的效用尚未被研究过。因此，我们采取了上述目的这项研究。研究人员做了什么？我们比较了诊断为首发躁狂症（被认为是早期双相情感障碍）的患者之间的上述生物标志物。高危人群（有躁郁症家族史的人），和健康的受试者（没有任何精神疾病的自我或家族史）。每组有30名参与者。我们想看看这些标记物是否可以预测这些群体或将受试者准确地分为三组。研究人员发现了什么？我们发现在所有的生物标志物中，三组之间存在显著的组差异。异常显示出一种模式，即与处于危险中的患者相比，首次发作躁狂症组的异常更高，与健康受试者相比，风险更高。当所有这些标记被组合并运行线性判别分析时，我们注意到他们准确地分类了72%的原始参与者(79·2%的首发双相性精神障碍56·70%的高风险，和82·1%健康受试者)。上述发现表明，眼球运动或眼球运动异常增强了神经发育标志物作为双相情感障碍生物标志物的效用。这些异常在疾病的早期出现也意味着它们在双相情感障碍的病因中起作用。所有标记加在一起可以是双相I型障碍的疾病表现和遗传学之间的途径中的复合可测量成分，因此有助于早期识别。
