PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Surveillance data published since 2010, although limited, showed that there is no evidence of zoonotic parasite infection in market quality Atlantic salmon, marine rainbow trout, gilthead seabream, turbot, meagre, Atlantic halibut, common carp and European catfish. No studies were found for greater amberjack, brown trout, African catfish, European eel and pikeperch. Anisakis pegreffii, A. simplex (s. s.) and Cryptocotyle lingua were found in European seabass, Atlantic bluefin tuna and/or cod, and Pseudamphistomum truncatum and Paracoenogonimus ovatus in tench, produced in open offshore cages or flow-through ponds or tanks. It is almost certain that fish produced in closed recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) or flow-through facilities with filtered water intake and exclusively fed heat-treated feed are free of zoonotic parasites. Since the last EFSA opinion, the UV-press and artificial digestion methods have been developed into ISO standards to detect parasites in fish, while new UV-scanning, optical, molecular and OMICs technologies and methodologies have been developed for the detection, visualisation, isolation and/or identification of zoonotic parasites in fish. Freezing and heating continue to be the most efficient methods to kill parasites in fishery products. High-pressure processing may be suitable for some specific products. Pulsed electric field is a promising technology although further development is needed. Ultrasound treatments were not effective. Traditional dry salting of anchovies successfully inactivated Anisakis. Studies on other traditional processes - air-drying and double salting (brine salting plus dry salting) - suggest that anisakids are successfully inactivated, but more data covering these and other parasites in more fish species and products is required to determine if these processes are always effective. Marinade combinations with anchovies have not effectively inactivated anisakids. Natural products, essential oils and plant extracts, may kill parasites but safety and organoleptic data are lacking. Advanced processing techniques for intelligent gutting and trimming are being developed to remove parasites from fish.
摘要：
自2010年以来公布的监测数据虽然有限，表明没有证据表明市场质量的大西洋鲑鱼中的人畜共患寄生虫感染，海洋虹鳟鱼,金头海流，turbot,微薄,大西洋比目鱼，鲤鱼和欧洲鲶鱼。没有发现更大的Amberjack的研究，棕色鳟鱼,非洲鲶鱼,欧洲鳗鱼和长矛。异语女神pegreffii，A.单纯形(s.s.）和Cryptocotylelingua在欧洲海底发现，大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼和/或鳕鱼，和Tench的假两栖类和副胚乳，在开放的海上网箱或流通池塘或坦克中生产。几乎可以肯定的是，在封闭的再循环水产养殖系统（RAS）或流通设施中生产的鱼，这些鱼具有过滤的水摄入和专门喂养的热处理饲料，没有人畜共患寄生虫。自从EFSA上次的意见以来，紫外线压力和人工消化方法已发展成为ISO标准，以检测鱼类中的寄生虫，而新的紫外线扫描，光学，分子和OMIC技术和方法已经开发用于检测，可视化，鱼中人畜共患寄生虫的分离和/或鉴定。冷冻和加热仍然是杀死渔业产品中寄生虫的最有效方法。高压加工可能适用于某些特定产品。脉冲电场是一种有前途的技术，尽管需要进一步的发展。超声治疗无效。凤尾鱼的传统干盐渍成功灭活了Anisakis。对其他传统工艺的研究-空气干燥和双重盐渍（盐水盐渍加干盐渍）-表明anisakids被成功灭活，但是需要更多的数据来涵盖更多鱼类和产品中的这些和其他寄生虫，以确定这些过程是否总是有效的。与凤尾鱼的腌料组合不能有效地灭活anisakids。天然产品,精油和植物提取物，可能会杀死寄生虫，但缺乏安全性和感官数据。正在开发用于智能内脏和修剪的先进加工技术，以去除鱼类中的寄生虫。
