Abstract：
The aim of this study was to evaluate the inorganic elemental composition (49 elements) of 29 botanical preparations obtained from fruits, leaves, peels, seeds, roots, fungi, and spirulina by using inductively coupled-mass spectrometry and a mercury analyzer. Simultaneously, the risk associated with the chronic dietary exposure to 12 toxic metals and metalloids among the European population was evaluated by using a probabilistic approach based on Monte Carlo simulations. The analysis revealed worrying intake levels of Al, As, and Ni, primarily stemming from the consumption of spirulina-, peel-, and leaf-based botanicals by younger age groups. The intake of As from all analyzed botanicals posed a significant risk for infants, yielding margins of exposure (MOEs) below 1, while those deriving from peel-based botanicals raised concerns across all age groups (MOEs = 0.04-2.3). The consumption of peel-based botanicals contributed substantially (13-130%) also to the tolerable daily intake of Ni for infants, toddlers, and children, while that of spirulina-based botanicals raised concerns related to Al intake also among adults, contributing to 11-176% of the tolerable weekly intake of this element. The findings achieved underscore the importance of implementing a monitoring framework to address chemical contamination of botanicals, thus ensuring their safety for regular consumers.
摘要：
这项研究的目的是评估从水果中获得的29种植物制剂的无机元素组成（49种元素），叶子,果皮,种子,根,真菌,和螺旋藻，使用电感耦合质谱法和汞分析仪。同时,采用基于蒙特卡洛模拟的概率方法,对欧洲人群中与12种有毒金属和类金属长期饮食暴露相关的风险进行了评估.分析显示铝的摄入量令人担忧，As,Ni,主要源于螺旋藻的消费-，皮-,和年轻年龄组的叶基植物药。从所有分析的植物药中摄入砷对婴儿构成了重大风险，产生低于1的暴露边缘（MOE），而来自果皮植物药的暴露边缘引起了所有年龄组的关注（MOE=0.04-2.3）。基于果皮的植物药的消耗也对婴儿可容忍的每日镍摄入量有很大贡献（13-130％），幼儿,和孩子们,虽然以螺旋藻为基础的植物药也引起了成年人对铝摄入量的担忧，贡献了该元素每周可容忍摄入量的11-176%。取得的调查结果强调了实施监测框架以解决植物药化学污染的重要性，从而确保他们对普通消费者的安全。
