Abstract：
In recent years, the environmental pollution of microplastics in Poyang Lake has received increasing attention. Baisha Lake of Poyang Lake was selected as the study area, and samples of water and sediments of Baisha Lake and the microplastics therein were collected, and the polymer types of microplastics were identified as polyethylene (PE), polyester (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) using Fourier infrared spectroscopy. We also analyzed the structural composition of bacterial communities in water, in sediments, and on microplastic surfaces using 16S high-throughput sequencing. The species richness and diversity of bacteria on the microplastic surfaces were lower than those in the surrounding water and sediments. The results of NMDS analysis showed that the bacterial community structures on the microplastic surfaces differed greatly from those in the surrounding sediments and water. The bacterial community composition in water and sediment differed from that on the microplastic surfaces, and the dominant bacterial phyla on the microplastic surfaces were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, and their relative abundance on the microplastic surfaces was higher than that in sediment. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was higher than that in water. The relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota were significantly lower than that of water. Massilia and Pseudomonas were the dominant genera on the microplastic surfaces, and their relative abundances were significantly higher than those in the surrounding water and sediments. BugBase phenotype prediction revealed that the relative abundance of contains mobile elements, biofilm formation, potential pathogenicity, and stress tolerance phenotypes of microplastic bacterial communities were significantly higher than those of the surrounding water and sediments. The results revealed that microplastics may have contributed to the spread of harmful bacteria, including pathogenic bacteria, and increased the potential pathogenicity of bacterial communities. Additionally, microplastic surface bacterial communities had higher phenotypes of mobile gene element content. Revealing the potential harm of microplastic pollution to wetland ecology at the micro level may provide a scientific reference for maintaining the ecological stability of wetlands.
摘要：
近年来,鄱阳湖微塑料的环境污染日益受到重视。选取鄱阳湖白沙湖为研究区,收集了白沙湖的水和沉积物以及其中的微塑料样品，微塑料的聚合物类型被确定为聚乙烯(PE)，聚酯(PET),聚丙烯（PP），和聚苯乙烯（PS）使用傅立叶红外光谱。我们还分析了水中细菌群落的结构组成，在沉积物中，并在微塑料表面使用16S高通量测序。微塑料表面细菌的物种丰富度和多样性低于周围水和沉积物中的细菌。NMDS分析结果表明，微塑料表面的细菌群落结构与周围沉积物和水中的细菌群落结构有很大差异。水和沉积物中的细菌群落组成与微塑料表面的细菌群落组成不同，微塑料表面上的优势细菌门是变形杆菌和拟杆菌属，它们在微塑料表面的相对丰度高于沉积物。变形杆菌的相对丰度高于水中的相对丰度。拟杆菌和放线菌的相对丰度明显低于水。Massilia和假单胞菌是微塑料表面的优势属，它们的相对丰度明显高于周围水和沉积物中的丰度。BugBase表型预测显示，含有移动元素的相对丰度，生物膜的形成，潜在致病性，微塑料细菌群落的胁迫耐受性表型明显高于周围水和沉积物。结果表明，微塑料可能导致了有害细菌的传播，包括致病菌,并增加了细菌群落的潜在致病性。此外,微塑料表面细菌群落具有较高的移动基因元素含量表型。从微观层面揭示微塑料污染对湿地生态的潜在危害,可为维持湿地生态稳定提供科学参考。
