Abstract：
Salivary glands (SGs) play a vital role in maintaining oral health through the production and release of saliva. Injury to SGs can lead to gland hypofunction and a decrease in saliva secretion manifesting as xerostomia. While symptomatic treatments for xerostomia exist, effective permanent solutions are still lacking, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches. Significant progress has been made in the field of three-dimensional (3D) SG bioengineering for applications in gland regeneration. This has been achieved through a major focus on cell culture techniques, including soluble cues and biomaterial components of the 3D niche. Cells derived from both adult and embryonic SGs have highlighted key in vitro characteristics of SG 3D models. While still in its first decade of exploration, SG spheroids and organoids have so far served as crucial tools to study SG pathophysiology. This review, based on a literature search over the past decade, covers the importance of SG cell types in the realm of their isolation, sourcing, and culture conditions that modulate the 3D microenvironment. We discuss different biomaterials employed for SG culture and the current advances made in bioengineering SG models using them. The success of these 3D cellular models are further evaluated in the context of their applications in organ transplantation and in vitro disease modeling.
摘要：
唾液腺（SGs）通过唾液的产生和释放在维持口腔健康中起着至关重要的作用。SGs损伤可导致腺体功能减退和唾液分泌减少，表现为口干症。虽然存在口干症的对症治疗，仍然缺乏有效的永久解决方案，强调创新方法的必要性。在用于腺体再生的三维（3D）SG生物工程领域取得了重大进展。这是通过重点关注细胞培养技术来实现的，包括3D生态位的可溶性线索和生物材料成分。来自成人和胚胎SGs的细胞突出了SG3D模型的关键体外特征。虽然仍处于探索的第一个十年，迄今为止，SG球体和类器官已成为研究SG病理生理学的关键工具。这次审查,根据过去十年的文献检索，涵盖了SG细胞类型在隔离领域的重要性，采购,和调节3D微环境的培养条件。我们讨论了用于SG培养的不同生物材料以及使用它们的生物工程SG模型的最新进展。在它们在器官移植和体外疾病建模中的应用的背景下进一步评估这些3D细胞模型的成功。
