Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of contact allergy to various ophthalmic medications appears to be rare; however, data on culprits, clinical relevance of sensitizations, and changes in frequency within recent decades are limited.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance, risk factors, and prevalence of contact allergy to topical ophthalmic medications in patients suspected of allergic contact dermatitis to ophthalmic medication.
METHODS: We retrospectively analysed patch test results and clinical data for 754 patients patch-tested with an ophthalmic medication series at our tertiary referral centre between January 1992 and December 2022.
RESULTS: In total, 37.5% (283/754) of patch-tested patients had a contact allergy to at least one ophthalmic allergen, with 87.3% (247) being clinically relevant sensitization. Phenylephrine (31.8%, 192/604), povidone-iodine (29%, 27/93), and tobramycin (23%, 46/200) were the most important sensitizers. The incidence of contact allergies increased significantly in a linear manner (p = 0.008) from 20% to 44.1% within the study period. Male sex and age above 40 were risk factors for contact allergy to ophthalmic medication.
CONCLUSIONS: One third of patch tested patients had allergic contact dermatitis to ophthalmic medication, particularly phenylephrine. Male sex and age above 40 years were independent risk factors and drove the linear increase in contact allergy to ophthalmic medications within the past 31 years.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance, risk factors, and prevalence of contact allergy to topical ophthalmic medications in patients suspected of allergic contact dermatitis to ophthalmic medication.
METHODS: We retrospectively analysed patch test results and clinical data for 754 patients patch-tested with an ophthalmic medication series at our tertiary referral centre between January 1992 and December 2022.
RESULTS: In total, 37.5% (283/754) of patch-tested patients had a contact allergy to at least one ophthalmic allergen, with 87.3% (247) being clinically relevant sensitization. Phenylephrine (31.8%, 192/604), povidone-iodine (29%, 27/93), and tobramycin (23%, 46/200) were the most important sensitizers. The incidence of contact allergies increased significantly in a linear manner (p = 0.008) from 20% to 44.1% within the study period. Male sex and age above 40 were risk factors for contact allergy to ophthalmic medication.
CONCLUSIONS: One third of patch tested patients had allergic contact dermatitis to ophthalmic medication, particularly phenylephrine. Male sex and age above 40 years were independent risk factors and drove the linear increase in contact allergy to ophthalmic medications within the past 31 years.
摘要：
背景：对各种眼科药物的接触过敏的患病率似乎很少；然而，罪犯的数据，致敏的临床相关性，近几十年来频率的变化是有限的。
目的：本研究旨在探讨临床相关性，危险因素，以及怀疑患有眼科药物过敏性接触性皮炎的患者对局部眼科药物的接触过敏的患病率。
方法：我们回顾性分析了1992年1月至2022年12月在我们的三级转诊中心接受眼科药物系列贴片测试的754例患者的贴片测试结果和临床数据。
结果：总计，37.5％（283/754）的斑贴试验患者对至少一种眼科过敏原有接触过敏，87.3%(247)为临床相关致敏。去氧肾上腺素（31.8%，192/604)，聚维酮碘(29%，27/93），和妥布霉素（23%，46/200）是最重要的敏化剂。在研究期间，接触过敏的发生率以线性方式（p=0.008）从20％显着增加到44.1％。男性和40岁以上是眼科药物接触过敏的危险因素。
结论：1/3的接受斑贴试验的患者对眼科药物有过敏性接触性皮炎，尤其是去氧肾上腺素.男性性别和年龄在40岁以上是独立的危险因素，并且在过去31年中驱动了对眼科药物的接触过敏的线性增加。
目的：本研究旨在探讨临床相关性，危险因素，以及怀疑患有眼科药物过敏性接触性皮炎的患者对局部眼科药物的接触过敏的患病率。
方法：我们回顾性分析了1992年1月至2022年12月在我们的三级转诊中心接受眼科药物系列贴片测试的754例患者的贴片测试结果和临床数据。
结果：总计，37.5％（283/754）的斑贴试验患者对至少一种眼科过敏原有接触过敏，87.3%(247)为临床相关致敏。去氧肾上腺素（31.8%，192/604)，聚维酮碘(29%，27/93），和妥布霉素（23%，46/200）是最重要的敏化剂。在研究期间，接触过敏的发生率以线性方式（p=0.008）从20％显着增加到44.1％。男性和40岁以上是眼科药物接触过敏的危险因素。
结论：1/3的接受斑贴试验的患者对眼科药物有过敏性接触性皮炎，尤其是去氧肾上腺素.男性性别和年龄在40岁以上是独立的危险因素，并且在过去31年中驱动了对眼科药物的接触过敏的线性增加。
