Abstract：
The threat of heavy metal (HM) pollution looms large over plant growth and human health, with tobacco emerging as a highly vulnerable plant due to its exceptional absorption capacity. The widespread cultivation of tobacco intensifies these concerns, posing increased risks to human health as HMs become more pervasive in tobacco-growing soils globally. The absorption of these metals not only impedes tobacco growth and quality but also amplifies health hazards through smoking. Implementing proactive strategies to minimize HM absorption in tobacco is of paramount importance. Various approaches, encompassing chemical immobilization, transgenic modification, agronomic adjustments, and microbial interventions, have proven effective in curbing HM accumulation and mitigating associated adverse effects. However, a comprehensive review elucidating these control strategies and their mechanisms remains notably absent. This paper seeks to fill this void by examining the deleterious effects of HM exposure on tobacco plants and human health through tobacco consumption. Additionally, it provides a thorough exploration of the mechanisms responsible for reducing HM content in tobacco. The review consolidates and synthesizes recent domestic and international initiatives aimed at mitigating HM content in tobacco, delivering a comprehensive overview of their current status, benefits, and limitations.
摘要：
重金属（HM）污染对植物生长和人类健康的威胁越来越大，烟草由于其出色的吸收能力而成为高度脆弱的植物。烟草的广泛种植加剧了这些担忧，随着HMs在全球烟草种植土壤中越来越普遍，对人类健康构成了更大的风险。这些金属的吸收不仅会阻碍烟草的生长和质量，还会加剧吸烟对健康的危害。实施主动策略以最大程度地减少烟草中的HM吸收是至关重要的。各种方法，包括化学固定，转基因修饰，农艺调整，和微生物干预，已证明在遏制HM积累和减轻相关不利影响方面是有效的。然而,阐明这些控制策略及其机制的全面审查仍然明显缺乏。本文旨在通过研究烟草暴露对烟草植物和人类健康的有害影响来填补这一空白。此外,它为降低烟草中HM含量的机制提供了彻底的探索。该审查巩固和综合了最近旨在减少烟草中HM含量的国内和国际举措，全面概述他们的现状，好处,和限制。
