PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) represents a complex clinical challenge for health systems. The autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells leads to a complete lack of insulin production, exposing people to a lifelong risk of acute (DKA, coma) and chronic complications (macro and microvascular). Physical activity (PA) has widely demonstrated its efficacy in helping diabetes treatment. Nutritional management of people living with T1DM is particularly difficult. Balancing macronutrients, their effects on glycemic control, and insulin treatment represents a complex clinical challenge for the diabetologist. The effects of PA on glycemic control are largely unpredictable depending on many individual factors, such as intensity, nutrient co-ingestion, and many others. Due to this clinical complexity, we have reviewed the actual scientific literature in depth to help diabetologists, sport medicine doctors, nutritionists, and all the health figures involved in diabetes care to ameliorate both glycemic control and the nutritional status of T1DM people engaging in PA. Two electronic databases (PubMed and Scopus) were searched from their inception to January 2024. The main recommendations for carbohydrate and protein ingestion before, during, and immediately after PA are explained. Glycemic management during such activity is widely reviewed. Micronutrient needs and nutritional supplement effects are also highlighted in this paper.
摘要：
1型糖尿病（T1DM）对卫生系统来说是一个复杂的临床挑战。胰腺β细胞的自身免疫破坏导致完全缺乏胰岛素产生，使人们面临终生的急性风险(DKA，昏迷）和慢性并发症（宏观和微血管）。体力活动（PA）已广泛证明其在帮助糖尿病治疗中的功效。T1DM患者的营养管理尤其困难。平衡大量营养素，它们对血糖控制的影响，胰岛素治疗对糖尿病学家来说是一个复杂的临床挑战。PA对血糖控制的影响在很大程度上是不可预测的，这取决于许多个体因素。比如强度，营养共同摄入，和许多其他人。由于这种临床复杂性，我们深入回顾了实际的科学文献，以帮助糖尿病学家，运动医学医生，营养学家,以及所有参与糖尿病护理的健康数据，以改善参与PA的T1DM患者的血糖控制和营养状况。从成立到2024年1月，搜索了两个电子数据库（PubMed和Scopus）。碳水化合物和蛋白质摄入前的主要建议，during,并在PA解释后立即进行。此类活动期间的血糖管理得到了广泛的评价。本文还重点介绍了微量营养素的需求和营养补充效果。
