Abstract：
Most lakes in the world are permanently or seasonally covered with ice. However, little is known about the distribution of microbes and their influencing factors in ice-covered lakes worldwide. Here we analyzed the microbial community composition in the waters of 14 ice-covered lakes in the Hoh Xil region of northern Qing-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), and conducted a meta-analysis by integrating published microbial community data of ice-covered lakes in the tripolar regions (the Arctic, Antarctica and QTP). The results showed that there were significant differences in microbial diversity, community composition and distribution patterns in the ice-covered tripolar lakes. Microbial diversity and richness were lower in the ice-covered QTP lakes (including the studied lakes in the Hoh Xil region) than those in the Arctic and Antarctica. In the ice-covered lakes of Hoh Xil, prokaryotes are mainly involved in S-metabolic processes, making them more adaptable to extreme environmental conditions. In contrast, prokaryotes in the ice-covered lakes of the Arctic and Antarctica were predominantly involved in carbon/nitrogen metabolic processes. Deterministic (salinity and nutrients) and stochastic processes (dispersal limitation, homogenizing dispersal and drift) jointly determine the geographical distribution patterns of microorganisms in ice-covered lakes, with stochastic processes dominating. These results expand the understanding of microbial diversity, distribution patterns, and metabolic processes in polar ice-covered lakes.
摘要：
世界上大多数湖泊永久或季节性地被冰覆盖。然而,世界范围内对冰雪覆盖湖泊中微生物的分布及其影响因素知之甚少。在这里，我们分析了青藏高原北部可可西里地区（QTP）的14个冰层湖泊水域中的微生物群落组成，并通过整合已发表的北极地区冰雪覆盖湖泊的微生物群落数据进行了荟萃分析（北极，南极洲和QTP）。结果表明,微生物多样性存在显著差异,冰盖三极湖泊的群落组成和分布格局。与北极和南极洲相比，冰覆盖的QTP湖泊（包括可可西里地区的研究湖泊）的微生物多样性和丰富度较低。在可可西里冰雪覆盖的湖泊中，原核生物主要参与S代谢过程，使它们更适应极端的环境条件。相比之下,北极和南极洲被冰覆盖的湖泊中的原核生物主要参与碳/氮代谢过程。确定性(盐度和养分)和随机过程(分散限制，均质化扩散和漂移）共同确定了覆冰湖泊中微生物的地理分布模式，随机过程占主导地位。这些结果扩大了对微生物多样性的理解，分布模式，和极地冰雪覆盖的湖泊中的代谢过程。
