Abstract：
Gorgan Bay as a main part of the Miankaleh (a natural biosphere reserve registered by UNESCO) is one of the richest ecological area in the West Asia and very important internationally recognized refuge for the wildlife. To date, multi physicochemical parameters have not been examined on a large scale. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study aimed to explore the seasonal and spatial variability of water quality parameters of the bay. The results showed that except for depth and transparency, there are significant variations in most parameters across the four seasons. The patterns of these changes in the bay vary, as evidenced by a comparison of the distribution maps of the various factors throughout the year. Notably, alkalinity declined from east to west, reaching its highest levels at important entry points such as the Qarasu River, Bandar-Gaz, and the pier. TDS, on the other hand, increased westward, reaching its highest concentration in the shallow western regions. Maximum depth (310 cm) and transparency (250 cm) were observed in the central bay. While the pH was higher in deeper areas, the distribution of PO4 was more uniform. With lower levels in the east (salinity = 0.40 ‰) and higher levels in the west (salinity = 28.9 ‰), the salinity showed a coherent gradient. Agricultural land use in the basin of the bay and fluxes of nutrients and sediments of the rivers entering the bay has significant contribution to the bay pollution situation. These results will serve as a guide for improving our understanding of the Gorgan Bay ecosystem. They also have implications for informed conservation and management plans adapted to the specifics of this special region within the Caspian Sea.
摘要：
Gorgan湾是Miankaleh（联合国教科文组织注册的自然生物圈保护区）的主要部分，是西亚最丰富的生态区之一，也是国际公认的野生动植物保护区。迄今为止,多个物理化学参数尚未大规模检查。为了填补这一知识空白，本研究旨在探讨海湾水质参数的季节性和空间变异性。结果表明，除了深度和透明度，在四个季节中，大多数参数都存在显着变化。海湾中这些变化的模式各不相同，全年各种因素分布图的比较证明了这一点。值得注意的是,碱度由东向西下降,在卡拉苏河等重要入口达到最高水平，Bandar-Gaz,还有码头.TDS,另一方面,向西增加，在西部浅层地区达到最高浓度。在中央海湾中观察到最大深度（310厘米）和透明度（250厘米）。虽然较深区域的pH值较高，PO4分布较为均匀。东部水平较低(盐度=0.40‰)，西部水平较高(盐度=28.9‰)，盐度呈相干梯度。海湾流域的农业土地利用以及进入海湾的河流的养分和沉积物通量对海湾污染状况有重要贡献。这些结果将作为提高我们对Gorgan湾生态系统理解的指南。它们还对适应里海这一特殊地区具体情况的知情养护和管理计划产生影响。
