Abstract：
Racial disparities in criminal justice outcomes are widely observed. In Canada, such disparities are particularly evident between Indigenous and non-Indigenous persons. The role of formal risk assessment in contributing to such disparities remains a topic of interest to many, but critical analysis has almost exclusively focused on actuarial or statistical risk measures. Recent research suggests that ratings from other common tools, based on the structured professional judgment model, can also demonstrate racial disparities. This study examined risk assessments produced using a widely used structured professional judgment tool, the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide-Version 3, among a sample of 190 individuals with histories of intimate partner violence. We examined the relationships among race, risk factors, summary risk ratings, and recidivism while also investigating whether participants\' racial identity influenced the likelihood of incurring formal sanctions for reported violence. Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Guide-Version 3 risk factor totals and summary risk ratings were associated with new violent charges. Indigenous individuals were assessed as demonstrating more risk factors and were more likely to be rated as high risk, even after controlling for summed risk factor totals and prior convictions. They were also more likely to recidivate and to have a history of at least one reported act of violence that did not result in formal sanctions. The results suggest that structured professional judgment guidelines can produce disparate results across racial groups. The disparities observed may reflect genuine differences in the likelihood of recidivism, driven by psychologically meaningful risk factors which have origins in deep-rooted systemic and contextual factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
摘要：
广泛观察到刑事司法结果中的种族差异。在加拿大,这种差异在土著人和非土著人之间尤为明显。正式风险评估在造成这种差异方面的作用仍然是许多人感兴趣的话题，但是批判性分析几乎完全集中在精算或统计风险度量上。最近的研究表明，来自其他常用工具的评级，基于结构化的职业判断模型，也可以证明种族差异。这项研究检查了使用广泛使用的结构化专业判断工具进行的风险评估，配偶攻击风险评估指南-第3版，在190名具有亲密伴侣暴力史的个人样本中。我们检查了种族之间的关系，危险因素，汇总风险评级，和累犯，同时还调查参与者的种族身份是否影响了因报告的暴力而受到正式制裁的可能性。配偶攻击风险评估指南-第3版风险因素总计和汇总风险评级与新的暴力指控相关。土著个体被评估为显示出更多的风险因素，并且更有可能被评为高风险，即使在控制了风险因素总和和先前定罪之后。他们也更有可能再犯，并且有至少一次报告的暴力行为没有导致正式制裁的历史。结果表明，结构化的专业判断指南可以在种族群体中产生不同的结果。观察到的差异可能反映了累犯可能性的真正差异，由心理上有意义的风险因素驱动，这些因素起源于根深蒂固的系统和环境因素。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2024APA，保留所有权利)。
