PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Diving injuries are influenced by a multitude of factors. Literature analysing the full chain of events in diving accidents influencing the occurrence of diving injuries is limited. A previously published \'chain of events analysis\' (CEA) framework consists of five steps that may sequentially lead to a diving fatality. This study applied four of these steps to predominately non-lethal diving injuries and aims to determine the causes of diving injuries sustained by divers treated by the Diving Medical Centre of the Royal Netherlands Navy.
UNASSIGNED: This retrospective cohort study was performed on diving injuries treated by the Diving Medical Centre between 1966 and 2023. Baseline characteristics and information pertinent to all four steps of the reduced CEA model were extracted and recorded in a database.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 288 cases met the inclusion criteria. In 111 cases, all four steps of the CEA model could be applied. Predisposing factors were identified in 261 (90%) cases, triggers in 142 (49%), disabling agents in 195 (68%), and 228 (79%) contained a (possible-) disabling condition. The sustained diving injury led to a fatality in seven cases (2%). The most frequent predisposing factor was health conditions (58%). Exertion (19%), primary diver errors (18%), and faulty equipment (17%) were the most frequently identified triggers. The ascent was the most frequent disabling agent (52%).
UNASSIGNED: The CEA framework was found to be a valuable tool in this analysis. Health factors present before diving were identified as the most frequent predisposing factors. Arterial gas emboli were the most lethal injury mechanism.
UNASSIGNED: This retrospective cohort study was performed on diving injuries treated by the Diving Medical Centre between 1966 and 2023. Baseline characteristics and information pertinent to all four steps of the reduced CEA model were extracted and recorded in a database.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 288 cases met the inclusion criteria. In 111 cases, all four steps of the CEA model could be applied. Predisposing factors were identified in 261 (90%) cases, triggers in 142 (49%), disabling agents in 195 (68%), and 228 (79%) contained a (possible-) disabling condition. The sustained diving injury led to a fatality in seven cases (2%). The most frequent predisposing factor was health conditions (58%). Exertion (19%), primary diver errors (18%), and faulty equipment (17%) were the most frequently identified triggers. The ascent was the most frequent disabling agent (52%).
UNASSIGNED: The CEA framework was found to be a valuable tool in this analysis. Health factors present before diving were identified as the most frequent predisposing factors. Arterial gas emboli were the most lethal injury mechanism.
摘要：
■潜水伤害受多种因素影响。分析潜水事故中影响潜水伤害发生的整个事件链的文献有限。先前发布的“事件链分析”（CEA）框架由五个步骤组成，这些步骤可能会依次导致潜水死亡。这项研究将其中四个步骤应用于主要是非致命性潜水伤害，旨在确定由荷兰皇家海军潜水医疗中心治疗的潜水员遭受潜水伤害的原因。
■这项回顾性队列研究是针对1966年至2023年由潜水医疗中心治疗的潜水伤害进行的。与简化的CEA模型的所有四个步骤相关的基线特征和信息被提取并记录在数据库中。
■共有288例符合纳入标准。在111个案例中，CEA模型的所有四个步骤都可以应用。在261例(90%)中发现了诱发因素，142个触发器(49%)，195年的致残剂(68%)，和228（79％）包含（可能）禁用条件。持续的潜水伤害导致7例（2％）死亡。最常见的诱发因素是健康状况（58％）。行使（19%），主要潜水员错误（18%），故障设备(17%)是最常见的触发因素。上升是最常见的致残剂（52％）。
■在此分析中发现CEA框架是一个有价值的工具。潜水前存在的健康因素被确定为最常见的诱发因素。动脉气体栓塞是最致命的损伤机制。
■这项回顾性队列研究是针对1966年至2023年由潜水医疗中心治疗的潜水伤害进行的。与简化的CEA模型的所有四个步骤相关的基线特征和信息被提取并记录在数据库中。
■共有288例符合纳入标准。在111个案例中，CEA模型的所有四个步骤都可以应用。在261例(90%)中发现了诱发因素，142个触发器(49%)，195年的致残剂(68%)，和228（79％）包含（可能）禁用条件。持续的潜水伤害导致7例（2％）死亡。最常见的诱发因素是健康状况（58％）。行使（19%），主要潜水员错误（18%），故障设备(17%)是最常见的触发因素。上升是最常见的致残剂（52％）。
■在此分析中发现CEA框架是一个有价值的工具。潜水前存在的健康因素被确定为最常见的诱发因素。动脉气体栓塞是最致命的损伤机制。
