Abstract：
We studied the culturable fungal community recovered from deep marine sediments in the maritime Antarctic, and assessed their capabilities to produce exoenzymes, emulsifiers and metabolites with phytotoxic activity. Sixty-eight Ascomycota fungal isolates were recovered and identified. The most abundant taxon recovered was the yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii, followed by the filamentous fungi Penicillium chrysogenum, P. cf. palitans, Pseudeurotium cf. bakeri, Thelebolus balaustiformis, Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus and Cladosporium sp. Diversity indices displayed low values overall, with the highest values obtained at shallow depth, decreasing to the deepest location sampled. Only M. guilliermondii and P. cf. palitans were detected in the sediments at all depths sampled, and were the most abundant taxa at all sample sites. The most abundant enzymes detected were proteases, followed by invertases, cellulases, lipases, carrageenases, agarases, pectinases and esterases. Four isolates showed good biosurfactant activity, particularly the endemic species A. psychrotrophicus. Twenty-four isolates of P. cf. palitans displayed strong phytotoxic activities against the models Lactuca sativa and Allium schoenoprasum. The cultivable fungi recovered demonstrated good biosynthetic activity in the production of hydrolytic exoenzymes, biosurfactant molecules and metabolites with phytotoxic activity, reinforcing the importance of documenting the taxonomic, ecological and biotechnological properties of fungi present in deep oceanic sediments of the Southern Ocean.
摘要：
我们研究了从南极海洋深层海洋沉积物中回收的可培养真菌群落，并评估了它们产生外切酶的能力，具有植物毒性活性的乳化剂和代谢物。回收并鉴定了68株子囊菌真菌分离株。回收的最丰富的分类单元是酵母Meyerozymaguilliermondii，其次是丝状真菌产黄青霉，P.比照。palitans,假尿嘧啶cf.bakeri,Thelebolusbalastiformis，南极洲嗜冷菌和枝状孢子菌。多样性指数整体显示低值，在浅层深度获得的最高值，减少到采样的最深位置。只有M.guilliermondii和P.cf。在采样的所有深度的沉积物中都检测到palitans，并且是所有样本站点中最丰富的分类群。检测到的最丰富的酶是蛋白酶，其次是倒转，纤维素酶,脂肪酶，角叉菜胶酶,琼脂糖,果胶酶和酯酶。四个分离物显示出良好的生物表面活性剂活性，特别是特有种嗜冷菌。24个P.cf.palitans对紫花苜蓿和Alliumschoenoprasum模型表现出强烈的植物毒性活性。回收的可培养真菌在水解外切酶的生产中表现出良好的生物合成活性，具有植物毒性活性的生物表面活性剂分子和代谢物，加强了记录分类学的重要性，南大洋深海沉积物中存在的真菌的生态和生物技术特性。
