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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Practicing and assessment of selective caries removal techniques in dental students remain challenges in many dental schools. The aim of this study was to utilize a 3D assessment technique, within a designated acceptable range of deviation, to evaluate the tendency of dental students in performing selective caries removal (SCR). The correlation between 3D assessment results and the conventional rubric rated by an instructor was also determined.
METHODS: Fifth-year dental students (n = 61) performed the SCR task on 3D-printed teeth containing simulated deep caries lesions in occlusal and proximal surfaces. One instructor assessed the results using a conventional analytic rubric. The excavated teeth were additionally evaluated using 3D analysis software with the designated acceptable range of deviations (± 0.5 mm) from the standard cavities. The average root mean square (RMS) value, representing the deviation between student-prepared cavities and the predefined standard cavities, was recorded. A tendency towards over-excavation was defined for RMS values > 0.5 mm, and towards under-excavation for RMS values < 0.5 mm.
RESULTS: The mean (min-max) of RMS was 0.27 (0.18-0.40) for occlusal and 0.29 (0.20-0.57)for proximal cavities. A tendency of dental students toward over-excavation was observed in both occlusal (74%) and proximal cavities (87%). There was a moderate negative correlation between the RMS values and the traditional rubric scores for both occlusal (R2 = 0.148, P = 0.002) and proximal cavities (R2 = 0.107, P = 0.010).
CONCLUSIONS: The 3D evaluation technique effectively revealed specific tendencies in dental students\' caries removal skills. The integration of computerized assessments with traditional methods could potentially assist the instructors in delivering more objective and specific feedback to students. Further research is encouraged to investigate the impact of this assessment technique on improving student performance in selective caries removal skills.
METHODS: Fifth-year dental students (n = 61) performed the SCR task on 3D-printed teeth containing simulated deep caries lesions in occlusal and proximal surfaces. One instructor assessed the results using a conventional analytic rubric. The excavated teeth were additionally evaluated using 3D analysis software with the designated acceptable range of deviations (± 0.5 mm) from the standard cavities. The average root mean square (RMS) value, representing the deviation between student-prepared cavities and the predefined standard cavities, was recorded. A tendency towards over-excavation was defined for RMS values > 0.5 mm, and towards under-excavation for RMS values < 0.5 mm.
RESULTS: The mean (min-max) of RMS was 0.27 (0.18-0.40) for occlusal and 0.29 (0.20-0.57)for proximal cavities. A tendency of dental students toward over-excavation was observed in both occlusal (74%) and proximal cavities (87%). There was a moderate negative correlation between the RMS values and the traditional rubric scores for both occlusal (R2 = 0.148, P = 0.002) and proximal cavities (R2 = 0.107, P = 0.010).
CONCLUSIONS: The 3D evaluation technique effectively revealed specific tendencies in dental students\' caries removal skills. The integration of computerized assessments with traditional methods could potentially assist the instructors in delivering more objective and specific feedback to students. Further research is encouraged to investigate the impact of this assessment technique on improving student performance in selective caries removal skills.
摘要：
背景：在牙科学生中实践和评估选择性龋齿去除技术仍然是许多牙科学校的挑战。这项研究的目的是利用3D评估技术，在指定的可接受偏差范围内，评估牙科学生进行选择性龋齿去除（SCR）的趋势。还确定了3D评估结果与讲师评估的常规标准之间的相关性。
方法：五年级牙科学生（n=61）在咬合面和近端表面包含模拟深龋病变的3D打印牙齿上执行SCR任务。一位讲师使用常规分析规则评估了结果。使用3D分析软件对挖出的牙齿进行额外评估，并具有与标准空腔的指定可接受的偏差范围（±0.5mm）。平均均方根(RMS)值，代表学生准备的空腔和预定义的标准空腔之间的偏差，被记录下来。对于RMS值>0.5mm，定义了过度开挖的趋势。对于RMS值<0.5mm,则朝向欠开挖。
结果：对于咬合，RMS的平均值（min-max）为0.27（0.18-0.40），对于近端腔，RMS的平均值为0.29（0.20-0.57）。在咬合（74％）和近端腔（87％）中都观察到牙科学生过度挖掘的趋势。对于咬合（R2=0.148，P=0.002）和近端腔（R2=0.107，P=0.010），RMS值与传统标准评分之间存在中度负相关。
结论：3D评估技术有效地揭示了牙科学生龋齿去除技能的特定趋势。计算机化评估与传统方法的整合可能有助于教师向学生提供更客观和具体的反馈。鼓励进一步研究，以调查这种评估技术对提高学生在选择性龋齿去除技能方面的表现的影响。
方法：五年级牙科学生（n=61）在咬合面和近端表面包含模拟深龋病变的3D打印牙齿上执行SCR任务。一位讲师使用常规分析规则评估了结果。使用3D分析软件对挖出的牙齿进行额外评估，并具有与标准空腔的指定可接受的偏差范围（±0.5mm）。平均均方根(RMS)值，代表学生准备的空腔和预定义的标准空腔之间的偏差，被记录下来。对于RMS值>0.5mm，定义了过度开挖的趋势。对于RMS值<0.5mm,则朝向欠开挖。
结果：对于咬合，RMS的平均值（min-max）为0.27（0.18-0.40），对于近端腔，RMS的平均值为0.29（0.20-0.57）。在咬合（74％）和近端腔（87％）中都观察到牙科学生过度挖掘的趋势。对于咬合（R2=0.148，P=0.002）和近端腔（R2=0.107，P=0.010），RMS值与传统标准评分之间存在中度负相关。
结论：3D评估技术有效地揭示了牙科学生龋齿去除技能的特定趋势。计算机化评估与传统方法的整合可能有助于教师向学生提供更客观和具体的反馈。鼓励进一步研究，以调查这种评估技术对提高学生在选择性龋齿去除技能方面的表现的影响。
