Abstract：
The peripheral nervous and muscular system, a cornerstone of human physiology, plays a pivotal role in ensuring the seamless functioning of the human body. This intricate network, comprising nerves and muscles extending throughout the body, is essential for motor control, sensory feedback, and the regulation of autonomic bodily functions. The qualified implantable peripheral interface can accurately monitor the biopotential of the target tissue and conduct treatment with stimulation, enhancing the human-machine interaction and new achievements in disease cure. Implantable electrodes have revolutionized the field of neuromuscular interfaces, offering precise bidirectional communication between the neuromuscular system and external devices. They enable natural control for individuals with limb loss, bridging the gap between mind and machine and aiding neuromuscular rehabilitation. In research and medical diagnostics, implantable electrodes provide invaluable tools for studying neuromuscular function and the development of therapies. However, traditional rigid electrodes face challenges due to the dynamic nature of the peripheral neuromuscular system. Flexible and stretchable devices show immense promise in accommodating dynamic alterations, offering adaptability, and accurate monitoring of electrophysiological signals. This review delves into the challenges associated with the peripheral interface, primarily focusing on monitoring and stimulation. It then provides a summary of common materials and structural design optimizations, discusses technologies for enhancing interface adhesion and surface functionalization, and explores encapsulation methods for implanted devices. Recent advancements in energy supply and the applications of implantable, flexible, and stretchable devices are also comprehensively reviewed, with due consideration given to ethical concerns and signal analysis. The promising directions are finally presented to provide enlightenment for high-performance sensor-tissue interfaces in the future, which will promote profound progress in clinical and human-machine interaction research. Flexible and stretchable devices are at the forefront of healthcare, with the potential to transform the treatment of neuromuscular disorders and enhance human augmentation, blurring the lines between natural and artificial limbs. They represent a promising avenue for the future, with exciting applications in healthcare, science, and technology, promising to bring us closer to the seamless integration of human and machine in the realm of neuromuscular interfaces.
摘要：
周围神经和肌肉系统，人类生理学的基石，在确保人体的无缝功能方面起着举足轻重的作用。这个错综复杂的网络，包括遍布全身的神经和肌肉，对电机控制至关重要，感官反馈，以及自主性身体功能的调节。合格的植入式周边接口可以准确监测靶组织的生物电势，并进行刺激治疗，加强了人机交互和疾病治疗的新成就。植入式电极彻底改变了神经肌肉接口领域，在神经肌肉系统和外部设备之间提供精确的双向通信。它们可以对肢体丧失的人进行自然控制，弥合心灵和机器之间的差距，并帮助神经肌肉康复。在研究和医学诊断中，植入式电极为研究神经肌肉功能和治疗方法的发展提供了宝贵的工具。然而,由于周围神经肌肉系统的动态特性，传统的刚性电极面临挑战。灵活且可拉伸的设备在适应动态变化方面显示出巨大的希望，提供适应性，和电生理信号的精确监测。这篇综述深入研究了与外设接口相关的挑战，主要集中在监测和刺激上。然后提供了常见材料和结构设计优化的总结，讨论了增强界面附着力和表面功能化的技术，并探讨了植入器械的封装方法。能源供应和植入式应用的最新进展，灵活,可拉伸装置也进行了全面审查，适当考虑道德问题和信号分析。最后提出了有希望的方向，为未来高性能传感器-组织接口提供启示，这将促进临床和人机交互研究的深刻进步。灵活且可拉伸的设备处于医疗保健的最前沿，有可能改变神经肌肉疾病的治疗方法并增强人类的功能，模糊自然和假肢之间的界限。它们代表了未来的前景，在医疗保健领域令人兴奋的应用，科学,和技术,承诺使我们更接近神经肌肉接口领域的人与机器的无缝集成。
