PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Rotavirus (RV) vaccines were first introduced in 2011 and adopted for universal vaccination in 2020 in Japan. However, the effectiveness of RV vaccines after being adopted for universal vaccination in 2020 has not been reported. Because of the easy accessibility of clinics in Japan, many children are not usually hospitalized for RV gastroenteritis (RVGE). Therefore, in order to evaluate the impact of the RV vaccine since 2008, we investigated the incidence of hospitalization for RVGE as well as the frequency of children aged < 5 years who received medical treatment for severe RVGE at clinics in Shibata City, Japan. The RV vaccine coverage rate was 94.0% (1,046/1,113) in Shibata City after universal vaccination in 2020; this was a significant increase from previous rates. The incidence per 1000 person - years for RVGE hospitalization and severe RVGE at clinics were significantly higher among children aged < 3 years than in previous time periods. The incidence in children with all acute gastroenteritis (AGE) decreased significantly after universal vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. The proportion of severe RVGE among all AGE cases also decreased significantly after universal vaccination among children aged < 3 years (0.0%) and those aged 3-4 years (0.6%). There were significant differences in the distribution of RV genotypes isolated from the feces of children with RVGE between different eras divided by RV vaccination rates, especially G1P[8], which was the major genotype before it recently almost disappeared. Further studies are warranted to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
摘要：
轮状病毒（RV）疫苗于2011年首次引入，并于2020年在日本普遍接种疫苗。然而,RV疫苗在2020年被普遍接种后的有效性尚未见报道.由于日本的诊所很容易进入，许多儿童通常不会因RV胃肠炎(RVGE)住院.因此,为了评估自2008年以来RV疫苗的影响，我们调查了RVGE住院的发生率以及在柴巴塔市诊所接受严重RVGE治疗的5岁以下儿童的频率，日本。2020年普遍接种疫苗后，柴田市的RV疫苗覆盖率为94.0％（1,046/1,113）；这比以前的比率显着提高。在诊所，每1000人年RVGE住院和严重RVGE的发病率在3岁以下的儿童中明显高于以前的时期。在COVID-19大流行期间普遍接种疫苗后，所有急性胃肠炎（AGE）儿童的发病率均显着下降。在<3岁（0.0％）和3-4岁（0.6％）的儿童中，普遍接种疫苗后，所有AGE病例中严重RVGE的比例也显着下降。从RVGE患儿粪便中分离出的RV基因型分布在不同时期按RV接种率划分存在显着差异，尤其是G1P[8]，这是最近几乎消失之前的主要基因型。需要进一步的研究来评估COVID-19大流行的影响。
