Abstract：
Numerous sudden water pollution (SWP) incidents have occurred frequently in recent years, constituting a potential risk to human, socio-economic, and ecological health. This paper systematically reviews the current literature, with the view to establishing a management framework for SWP incidents. Only 39 of the 327 downloaded articles were selected, and the ROSES protocol was utilized in this review. The results indicated industries, mining sites, and sewage treatment plants as key SWP contributors through accidental leakages, traffic accidents, illegal discharge, natural disasters, and terrorist attacks. These processes also presented five consequences, including the contamination of drinking water sources, disruption of drinking water supply, ecological damage, loss of human life, and agricultural water pollution. Meanwhile, five mitigation strategies included reservoir operation, real-time monitoring, early warning, and chemical and biological treatments. Although an advancement in mitigation strategies against SWP was observed in this review, previous studies reported only a few prevention strategies. Considering that this review provided an SWP-based management framework and a hydrodynamic model selection guideline, which provide a foundation for implementing proactive measures against the SWP. These guidelines and the SWP-based management framework require practical field trials for future studies. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Sudden water pollution increases with industrial growth but decrease with awareness. Human and ecosystem health and social economy are the endpoint receptacles. Mitigation strategies include reservoir dispatch, early warning, and treatments. DPSIR model forms the basis for proving proactive measures against sudden pollution. This review provides a guideline for the selection hydrodynamic models application.
摘要：
近年来，许多突发性水污染（SWP）事件频繁发生，对人类构成潜在风险，社会经济,和生态健康。本文系统回顾了当前的文献,以建立SWP事件的管理框架。327篇下载的文章中只有39篇被选中,本综述采用了ROSES方案。结果表明，工业，采矿场,和污水处理厂作为意外泄漏的关键SWP贡献者，交通事故,非法排放,自然灾害,和恐怖袭击。这些过程还带来了五种后果，包括饮用水源的污染，饮用水供应中断，生态破坏,人类生命的损失，农业水污染。同时,五种缓解策略包括水库运营，实时监控,预警,以及化学和生物治疗。尽管在这篇综述中观察到了针对SWP的缓解策略的进步，以前的研究仅报道了一些预防策略.考虑到本次审查提供了基于SWP的管理框架和水动力模型选择指南，这为实施针对SWP的积极措施提供了基础。这些指南和基于SWP的管理框架需要实际的现场试验以进行未来的研究。实践要点：突然的水污染随着工业增长而增加，但随着意识而减少。人类和生态系统健康以及社会经济是终点容器。缓解策略包括水库调度，预警,和治疗。DPSIR模型构成了证明针对突发污染的主动措施的基础。这篇综述为流体动力学模型的选择应用提供了指导。
