PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Low energy availability (LEA) has been associated with several physiological consequences, but its impact on sleep has not been sufficiently investigated, especially in the context of young athletes. This study examined the potential association between energy availability (EA) status and objective sleep quality in 42 male rugby players (mean age: 16.2 ± 0.8 years) during a 7-day follow-up with fixed sleep schedules in the midst of an intensive training phase. Participants\' energy intake was weighed and recorded. Exercise expenditure was estimated using accelerometry. Portable polysomnography devices captured sleep on the last night of the follow-up. Mean EA was 29.3 ± 9.14 kcal·kg FFM-1·day-1, with 47.6% of athletes presenting LEA, 35.7% Reduced Energy Availability (REA), and 16.7% Optimal Energy Availability (OEA). Lower sleep efficiency (SE) and N3 stage proportion, along with higher wake after sleep onset (WASO), were found in participants with LEA compared to those with OEA (p = 0.04, p = 0.03 and p = 0.005, respectively, with large effect sizes). Segmented regression models of the EA-sleep outcomes (SE, sleep onset latency [SOL]), WASO and N3) relationships displayed two separate linear regions and produced a best fit with a breakpoint between 21-33 kcal·kg FFM-1·day-1. Below these thresholds, sleep quality declines considerably. It is imperative for athletic administrators, nutritionists, and coaches to conscientiously consider the potential impact of LEA on young athletes\' sleep, especially during periods of heavy training.
摘要：
低能量可用性(LEA)与几种生理后果有关，但是它对睡眠的影响还没有得到充分的研究，特别是在年轻运动员的背景下。这项研究调查了42名男性橄榄球运动员（平均年龄：16.2±0.8岁）的能量可用性（EA）状态与客观睡眠质量之间的潜在关联。对参与者的能量摄入进行称重和记录。运动支出是使用加速度测量法估算的。便携式多导睡眠监测设备在随访的最后一晚捕获了睡眠。平均EA为29.3±9.14kcal·kgFFM-1·day-1，其中47.6％的运动员出现LEA，35.7%的能源可用性(REA)降低，和16.7%的最佳能源可用性(OEA)。较低的睡眠效率（SE）和N3阶段比例，随着睡眠发作后更高的觉醒（WASO），与有OEA的参与者相比，有LEA的参与者(p=0.04，p=0.03和p=0.005，具有较大的效果大小)。EA-睡眠结果的分段回归模型(SE，睡眠发作潜伏期[SOL])，WASO和N3）关系显示出两个单独的线性区域，并产生了最佳拟合，断点在21-33kcal·kgFFM-1·day-1之间。低于这些阈值，睡眠质量大幅下降。对于运动管理者来说，这是当务之急，营养学家,和教练认真考虑LEA对年轻运动员睡眠的潜在影响，尤其是在高强度训练期间。
