Abstract：
Healthcare hygiene plays a crucial role in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. Patients admitted to a room where the previous occupant had a multi-drug-resistant bacterial infection are at an increased risk of colonization and infection with the same organism. A 2006 systematic review by Kramer et al. found that certain pathogens can survive for months on dry surfaces. The aim of this review is to update Kramer et al.\'s previous review and provide contemporary data on the survival of pathogens relevant to the healthcare environment. We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus databases for studies that described the survival time of common nosocomial pathogens in the environment. Pathogens included in the review were bacterial, viral, and fungal. Studies were independently screened against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria by two researchers. Conflicts were resolved by one of two senior researchers. A spreadsheet was developed for the data extraction. The search identified 1736 studies. Following removal of duplicates and application of the search criteria, the synthesis of results from 62 included studies were included. 117 organisms were reported. The longest surviving organism reported was Klebsiella pneumoniae which was found to have persisted for 600 days. Common pathogens of concern to infection prevention and control, can survive or persist on inanimate surfaces for months. This data supports the need for a risk-based approach to cleaning and disinfection practices, accompanied by appropriate training, audit and feedback which are proven to be effective when adopted in a \'bundle\' approach.
摘要：
医疗保健卫生在预防医疗保健相关感染中起着至关重要的作用。入住先前居住者患有多药耐药细菌感染的房间的患者在同一生物体的定植和感染风险增加。Kramer等人在2006年进行的系统评价发现，某些病原体可以在干燥表面上存活数月。本综述的目的是更新Kramer等人先前的综述，并提供与医疗保健环境相关的病原体生存的当代数据。我们系统地搜索了OvidMEDLINE,CINAHL和Scopus数据库用于描述环境中常见医院病原体的存活时间的研究。纳入审查的病原体是细菌，病毒，和真菌。研究由两名研究人员根据预定的纳入/排除标准进行独立筛选。两名高级研究人员之一解决了冲突。开发了用于数据提取的电子表格。搜索确定了1,735项研究。删除重复项并应用搜索条件后，纳入了62项纳入研究的综合结果.报告了117种生物。据报道，存活时间最长的生物是肺炎克雷伯菌，已持续600天。感染预防和控制所关注的常见病原体，可以在无生命的表面上存活或持续数月。这些数据支持需要一种基于风险的清洁和消毒方法，伴随着适当的培训，审计和反馈，当采用“捆绑”方法时被证明是有效的。
