Abstract：
Interpretations of the primate and human fossil record often rely on the estimation of somatic dimensions from bony measures. Both somatic and skeletal variation have been used to assess how primates respond to environmental change. However, it is unclear how well skeletal variation matches and predicts soft tissue. Here, we empirically test the relationship between tissues by comparing somatic and skeletal measures using paired measures of pre- and post-mortem rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico.
Somatic measurements were matched with skeletal dimensions from 105 rhesus macaque individuals to investigate paired signals of variation (i.e., coefficients of variation, sexual dimorphism) and bivariate codependence (reduced major axis regression) in measures of: (1) limb length; (2) joint breadth; and (3) limb circumference. Predictive models for the estimation of soft tissue dimensions from skeletons were built from Ordinary Least Squares regressions.
Somatic and skeletal measurements showed statistically equivalent coefficients of variation and sexual dimorphism as well as high epiphyses-present ordinary least square (OLS) correlations in limb lengths (R2 >0.78, 0.82), joint breadths (R2 >0.74, 0.83) and, to a lesser extent, limb circumference (R2 >0.53, 0.68).
Skeletal measurements are good substitutions for somatic values based on population signals of variation. OLS regressions indicate that skeletal correlates are highly predictive of somatic dimensions. The protocols and regression equations established here provide a basis for reliable reconstruction of somatic dimension from catarrhine fossils and validate our ability to compare or combine results of studies based on population data of either hard or soft tissue proxies.
Somatic measurements were matched with skeletal dimensions from 105 rhesus macaque individuals to investigate paired signals of variation (i.e., coefficients of variation, sexual dimorphism) and bivariate codependence (reduced major axis regression) in measures of: (1) limb length; (2) joint breadth; and (3) limb circumference. Predictive models for the estimation of soft tissue dimensions from skeletons were built from Ordinary Least Squares regressions.
Somatic and skeletal measurements showed statistically equivalent coefficients of variation and sexual dimorphism as well as high epiphyses-present ordinary least square (OLS) correlations in limb lengths (R2 >0.78, 0.82), joint breadths (R2 >0.74, 0.83) and, to a lesser extent, limb circumference (R2 >0.53, 0.68).
Skeletal measurements are good substitutions for somatic values based on population signals of variation. OLS regressions indicate that skeletal correlates are highly predictive of somatic dimensions. The protocols and regression equations established here provide a basis for reliable reconstruction of somatic dimension from catarrhine fossils and validate our ability to compare or combine results of studies based on population data of either hard or soft tissue proxies.
摘要：
目的：对灵长类动物和人类化石记录的解释通常依赖于根据骨骼测量对躯体尺寸的估计。体细胞和骨骼变异均已用于评估灵长类动物对环境变化的反应。然而,目前尚不清楚骨骼变异在多大程度上匹配和预测软组织.这里,我们通过使用来自CayoSantiago的死前和死后恒河猴的配对测量比较体细胞和骨骼测量来实证检验组织之间的关系，波多黎各。
方法：将体细胞测量值与105只恒河猴个体的骨骼尺寸进行匹配，以研究配对的变异信号（即，变异系数，性别二态性）和双变量相关性（主轴回归降低）在以下方面的度量：（1）肢体长度；（2）关节宽度；（3）肢体周长。根据普通最小二乘回归建立了用于估计骨骼软组织尺寸的预测模型。
结果：躯体和骨骼测量显示出统计学上等效的变异系数和性二态性以及肢体长度的高骨phy-present普通最小二乘（OLS）相关性（R2>0.78，0.82），关节宽度(R2>0.74，0.83)和，在较小程度上，肢围（R2>0.53，0.68）。
结论：骨骼测量是基于群体变异信号的体细胞值的良好替代。OLS回归表明，骨骼相关因素对体细胞尺寸具有高度预测性。此处建立的协议和回归方程为从卡他林化石可靠地重建体细胞尺寸提供了基础，并验证了我们根据硬组织或软组织代理的种群数据比较或组合研究结果的能力。
方法：将体细胞测量值与105只恒河猴个体的骨骼尺寸进行匹配，以研究配对的变异信号（即，变异系数，性别二态性）和双变量相关性（主轴回归降低）在以下方面的度量：（1）肢体长度；（2）关节宽度；（3）肢体周长。根据普通最小二乘回归建立了用于估计骨骼软组织尺寸的预测模型。
结果：躯体和骨骼测量显示出统计学上等效的变异系数和性二态性以及肢体长度的高骨phy-present普通最小二乘（OLS）相关性（R2>0.78，0.82），关节宽度(R2>0.74，0.83)和，在较小程度上，肢围（R2>0.53，0.68）。
结论：骨骼测量是基于群体变异信号的体细胞值的良好替代。OLS回归表明，骨骼相关因素对体细胞尺寸具有高度预测性。此处建立的协议和回归方程为从卡他林化石可靠地重建体细胞尺寸提供了基础，并验证了我们根据硬组织或软组织代理的种群数据比较或组合研究结果的能力。
