PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The primary factors that restrict agricultural productivity and jeopardize human and food safety are heavy metals (HMs), including arsenic, cadmium, lead, and aluminum, which adversely impact crop yields and quality. Plants, in their adaptability, proactively engage in a multitude of intricate processes to counteract the impacts of HM toxicity. These processes orchestrate profound transformations at biomolecular levels, showing the plant\'s ability to adapt and thrive in adversity. In the past few decades, HM stress tolerance in crops has been successfully addressed through a combination of traditional breeding techniques, cutting-edge genetic engineering methods, and the strategic implementation of marker-dependent breeding approaches. Given the remarkable progress achieved in this domain, it has become imperative to adopt integrated methods that mitigate potential risks and impacts arising from environmental contamination on yields, which is crucial as we endeavor to forge ahead with the establishment of enduring agricultural systems. In this manner, nanotechnology has emerged as a viable field in agricultural sciences. The potential applications are extensive, encompassing the regulation of environmental stressors like toxic metals, improving the efficiency of nutrient consumption and alleviating climate change effects. Integrating nanotechnology and nanomaterials in agrochemicals has successfully mitigated the drawbacks associated with traditional agrochemicals, including challenges like organic solvent pollution, susceptibility to photolysis, and restricted bioavailability. Numerous studies clearly show the immense potential of nanomaterials and nanofertilizers in tackling the acute crisis of HM toxicity in crop production. This review seeks to delve into using NPs as agrochemicals to effectively mitigate HM toxicity and enhance crop resilience, thereby fostering an environmentally friendly and economically viable approach toward sustainable agricultural advancement in the foreseeable future.
摘要：
限制农业生产力和危害人类和食品安全的主要因素是重金属（HMs），包括砷,镉,铅,和铝，这对作物产量和质量产生了不利影响。植物,在他们的适应性上，主动参与众多复杂的过程，以抵消HM毒性的影响。这些过程在生物分子水平上协调了深刻的转变，显示植物在逆境中适应和茁壮成长的能力。在过去的几十年里，通过结合传统育种技术，成功解决了作物的HM胁迫耐受性，尖端的基因工程方法，以及依赖标记育种方法的战略实施。鉴于在这一领域取得的显著进展，必须采用综合方法来减轻环境污染对产量的潜在风险和影响，这对于我们努力推进建立持久的农业体系至关重要。以这种方式,纳米技术已经成为农业科学中一个可行的领域。潜在的应用是广泛的，包括对有毒金属等环境压力源的调节，提高养分消耗效率，缓解气候变化影响。在农用化学品中整合纳米技术和纳米材料已经成功地减轻了与传统农用化学品相关的缺点，包括有机溶剂污染等挑战，对光解的敏感性，和有限的生物利用度。大量研究清楚地表明，纳米材料和纳米肥料在解决作物生产中HM毒性的严重危机方面具有巨大潜力。这篇综述旨在深入研究使用NPs作为农用化学品，以有效减轻HM毒性并增强作物抗逆性。从而促进在可预见的未来实现可持续农业发展的环境友好和经济上可行的方法。
