Abstract：
Drinking water quality deteriorates rapidly due to anthropogenic activities and rapid population growth. These activities, in developing countries, will lead to water scarcity. In Pakistan, 70% of the population has no access to safe water, and people use canal water to drink. This study performed hydrochemical, hydrogeological, and cancer risk analyses on Tahsil Hasilpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Thirteen tube wells were selected for groundwater and borehole log study. Twenty-two drinking water quality parameters were analyzed using standard methods and quality checks. The borehole data (2D and 3D) shows the abundance of sand (fine and coarse) with some uniformities, which changes the groundwater quality. The results of water quality parameters show that the concentration of TDS (2064-11,159 mg/L), Cl-1 (213-4917 mg/L), As+3 (0.048-0.158 mg/L), Pb+2 (1.294-1.673 mg/L), and Cd+2 (0.008-0.053 mg/L) were beyond guideline values. The statistical analysis showed that the parameters have a moderate to strong correlation (Pearson correlation), which may be due to the same origin (ANOVA). The principal component analysis and cluster analysis confirm the multiple sources of pollutants in the groundwater of the study area. The Piper, Durov, Stiff, and Scholler diagrams confirm that the groundwater system has an abundance of Ca+2 and Mg+2 with Cl-1. The Gibbs diagram showed that the groundwater is not saturated and tends to dissolve more minerals. The hazard quotient values are above 1.0, which indicates noncancer risk severity. The HQ trend was As+3 > Pb+2 > Cd+2 > Ni+2 > Cu+2 > Cr+2 > Zn+2 > Fe+2. The cancer risk values showed that 3-5 people/100 population were exposed to cancer risk. The trend of CR was As+3 > Cd+2 > Cr+2 > Pb+2 > Ni+2. The GIP mapping of pollutants showed that the concentration of pollutants near the canals was high compared to the locations away from the canal. The overall groundwater quality is alarming and needs immediate government attention.
摘要：
由于人为活动和人口的快速增长，饮用水质量迅速恶化。这些活动,在发展中国家,将导致水资源短缺。在巴基斯坦,70％的人口无法获得安全的水，人们用运河水喝。这项研究进行了水化学，水文地质,以及对TahsilHasilpur的癌症风险分析，巴哈瓦尔布尔,巴基斯坦。选择了13口管井进行地下水和钻孔测井研究。使用标准方法和质量检查分析了22个饮用水水质参数。钻孔数据（2D和3D）显示出砂的丰度（细砂和粗砂）具有一定的一致性，这改变了地下水的质量。水质参数结果表明,TDS浓度(2064-11,159mg/L),Cl-1（213-4917mg/L），As+3（0.048-0.158mg/L），Pb+2(1.294-1.673mg/L),Cd+2(0.008-0.053mg/L)超出指导值。统计分析表明，各参数具有中等到强的相关性(Pearson相关)，这可能是由于相同的起源（ANOVA）。主成分分析和聚类分析证实了研究区地下水中污染物的多种来源。吹笛者,Durov,僵硬,和Scholler图证实地下水系统中含有大量的Ca+2和Mg+2和Cl-1。吉布斯图显示地下水不饱和，倾向于溶解更多的矿物质。危险商值高于1.0，表明非癌症风险严重。HQ趋势为As+3>Pb+2>Cd+2>Ni+2>Cu+2>Cr+2>Zn+2>Fe+2。癌症风险值显示3-5人/100人暴露于癌症风险。CR的变化趋势为As+3>Cd+2>Cr+2>Pb+2>Ni+2。污染物的GIP制图显示，与远离运河的位置相比，运河附近的污染物浓度较高。整体地下水质量令人震惊，需要政府立即关注。
